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Related Concept Videos

Understanding Memory01:19

Understanding Memory

Memory is the retention of information or experiences over time, facilitated through three main processes: encoding, storage, and retrieval. Encoding is the process of inputting information into the memory system. For instance, when listening to a lecture, watching a play, reading a book, or having a conversation, the brain is actively encoding information. This initial stage involves transforming sensory input into a form that can be processed and stored by the brain. Various factors, such as...
Chunking and Rehearsal in Sensory Memory01:22

Chunking and Rehearsal in Sensory Memory

Improving short-term memory can be achieved through techniques like chunking and rehearsal. Chunking involves organizing information into larger, more manageable units. This technique is particularly useful for information that exceeds the typical memory span of between five and nine items. For instance, logging into an online account with a password like "ta89vq0179gz" involves grouping letters and numbers into three chunks—ta89, vq01, and 79gz. It makes large amounts of information more...
Higher Mental Functions of Brain: Learning and Memory01:26

Higher Mental Functions of Brain: Learning and Memory

Memory is one of the most vital higher mental functions of the brain. Memory is closely related to learning because it enables us to retain information and experiences from our past to use them in our present life. It also helps us to remember facts, events, and skills, such as riding a bike or swimming. There are two types of memory — declarative memory, which involves memorizing facts or events, and procedural memory, which enables us to remember how to do something like writing or playing an...
Elaborative Rehearsals01:07

Elaborative Rehearsals

Elaborative rehearsal is a crucial cognitive strategy that strengthens information encoding in long-term memory by making meaningful connections between new data and pre-existing knowledge. This approach contrasts with maintenance rehearsal, which involves simple repetition without delving into the significance of the information. While maintenance rehearsal might temporarily keep information active in short-term memory, it is less effective for long-term retention.
The effectiveness of...
System of Memory01:23

System of Memory

Memory is categorized into three major systems: sensory memory, short-term memory (STM), and long-term memory (LTM). These systems differ in their capacity and the duration for which they can hold information. Sensory memory captures raw sensory input from the environment, holding it for just a few seconds or less. For example, on hearing a brief, loud sound, like a car horn honking, the sound seems to linger in the mind for a moment even after it stops. This is an instance of sensory memory...
Cognitive Learning01:21

Cognitive Learning

Cognitive learning is based on purposive behavior, incidental learning, and insight learning.
E. C. Tolman's theory of purposive behavior emphasizes that much behavior is goal-directed. He argued that to understand behavior, we must look at the entire sequence of actions leading to a goal. For instance, high school students study hard, not just due to past reinforcement but also to achieve the goal of getting into a good college.
Tolman introduced the idea that behavior is influenced by...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 8, 2026

Problem-Solving Before Instruction (PS-I): A Protocol for Assessment and Intervention in Students with Different Abilities
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Process-oriented guided-inquiry learning improves long-term retention of information.

Thea Vanags1, Kristen Pammer, Jay Brinker

  • 1Office of Research, University of The Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore, Queensland, Australia; and.

Advances in Physiology Education
|September 12, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Process-oriented guided learning (POGIL) and its variations help consolidate knowledge against memory decay. While POGIL itself didn't improve immediate recall, it best preserved knowledge over time compared to control groups.

Keywords:
guided inquiry learninglong-term retentionprocess-oriented guided-inquiry learning

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Area of Science:

  • Educational Psychology
  • Cognitive Science
  • Neuroscience Education

Background:

  • The Process-Oriented Guided Learning (POGIL) pedagogy is widely adopted in chemistry education.
  • Key components driving POGIL's learning effectiveness remain unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of different POGIL implementation strategies on student learning in physiological psychology.
  • To compare POGIL with a control group and POGIL variations (no report out and new facilitator).

Main Methods:

  • A study involving 354 undergraduates in physiological psychology.
  • Four conditions: control, POGIL, POGIL without reporting (NRO), and POGIL with a new facilitator (NF).
  • Knowledge assessed via pretest, posttest, and a 2-week followup test, alongside self-assessment of confidence.

Main Results:

  • NRO and NF groups showed immediate learning gains compared to pretest; control and POGIL groups did not.
  • All groups except POGIL experienced knowledge decline at followup; POGIL showed the smallest decline.
  • POGIL participants reported lower confidence in their knowledge post-study, despite better knowledge retention.

Conclusions:

  • POGIL and its variations effectively consolidate existing knowledge, mitigating memory decay.
  • Student confidence may not accurately reflect actual knowledge retention in POGIL settings.
  • Specific POGIL elements, like reporting out, may influence immediate learning gains but not long-term knowledge consolidation.