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Related Concept Videos

Cells of the Innate Immune Response01:28

Cells of the Innate Immune Response

The innate immune response is an immediate and non-specific response against pathogens, acting swiftly to prevent the spread of infections. The primary cells involved in this response are phagocytes and natural killer (NK) cells.
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Phagocytes police the peripheral tissues by removing cellular debris and responding to the invasion of foreign substances or pathogens. Many phagocytes attack and remove microorganisms even before lymphocytes detect them. The human body has two general...
Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity01:26

Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity

An antigen is any substance the immune system identifies as foreign and potentially harmful to the body, prompting an immune response. Antigens have two functional properties: immunogenicity and reactivity. Immunogenicity is the ability of an antigen to stimulate a specific immune response. At the same time, reactivity describes the antigen's ability to react with the cells and antibodies produced in response to it.
Complete Antigens
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Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens01:29

Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens

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Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response

Cytotoxic T cells are a vital component of the immune system. They have the remarkable ability to identify and target antigens on infected or abnormal cells. These antigens often originate from intracellular pathogens such as viruses or abnormal proteins cancer cells produce.
Immunological surveillance is the ability of immune cells to monitor and eliminate infected cells with intracellular pathogens, neoplastically transformed cells, and cells with non-self antigens. Cytotoxic T cells and NK...
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Cell-mediated Immune Responses01:40

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 8, 2026

Isolation and Culture of Primary Mouse Keratinocytes from Neonatal and Adult Mouse Skin
10:51

Isolation and Culture of Primary Mouse Keratinocytes from Neonatal and Adult Mouse Skin

Published on: July 14, 2017

Midkine in host defence.

A Gela1, S Jovic, S L Nordin

  • 1Section for Respiratory Medicine & Allergology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.

British Journal of Pharmacology
|September 13, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Midkine (MK) exhibits potent antibacterial and antifungal activities, functioning as a key component of the innate immune system. Its expression at body barriers and conserved properties suggest its potential as a novel therapeutic agent against resistant infections.

Keywords:
bactericidalhost defenceinflammationinnate immunitymidkine

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Last Updated: May 8, 2026

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Published on: March 2, 2014

Area of Science:

  • Innate immunity
  • Antimicrobial proteins
  • Molecular biology

Background:

  • Midkine (MK) shares characteristics with innate immune antibacterial proteins, including growth factor properties and immune cell interactions.
  • MK is expressed at high concentrations on body surfaces, acting as a first line of defense against pathogens.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the antibacterial and antifungal properties of Midkine (MK).
  • To evaluate MK as a potential therapeutic agent against drug-resistant pathogens.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing research on Midkine's biological activities.
  • Analysis of MK's expression patterns and regulatory factors.
  • Comparative analysis of MK's properties with known antimicrobial proteins.

Main Results:

  • Midkine (MK) demonstrates significant bactericidal and fungicidal activities.
  • MK is constitutively expressed at key host-pathogen interfaces.
  • MK gene expression is upregulated by infection-related factors, including NF-κB and hypoxia.

Conclusions:

  • Midkine (MK) possesses inherent antimicrobial capabilities, positioning it as a promising candidate for novel therapeutic strategies.
  • MK could be developed as a standalone treatment or in conjunction with conventional antibiotics to combat resistant microbial infections.