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Related Concept Videos

Heterogeneous Catalysis01:22

Heterogeneous Catalysis

Heterogeneous catalysis involves a catalyst in a different phase from the reactants. It is a process where the catalyst and the reactants are in distinct phases, typically solid and gas or liquid.Most heterogeneous catalysts are metals, metal oxides, or acids. The list includes transition metals like iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), palladium (Pd), platinum (Pt), chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), tungsten (W), silver (Ag), and copper (Cu). These metals possess partially vacant d orbitals that...
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For many years, scientists thought that enzyme-substrate binding took place in a simple "lock-and-key" fashion. This model stated that the enzyme and substrate fit together perfectly in one instantaneous step. However, current research supports a more refined view scientists call induced fit. The induced-fit model expands upon the lock-and-key model by describing a more dynamic interaction between enzyme and substrate. As the enzyme and substrate come together, their interaction causes a mild...
Introduction to Mechanisms of Enzyme Catalysis01:13

Introduction to Mechanisms of Enzyme Catalysis

For many years, scientists thought that enzyme-substrate binding took place in a simple "lock-and-key" fashion. This model stated that the enzyme and substrate fit together perfectly in one instantaneous step. However, current research supports a more refined view scientists call induced fit. The induced-fit model expands upon the lock-and-key model by describing a more dynamic interaction between enzyme and substrate. As the enzyme and substrate come together, their interaction causes a mild...
Catalysis01:27

Catalysis

Catalysis influences the rate of chemical reactions by providing an alternative reaction pathway with lower activation energy. A catalyst speeds up a reaction, but it is not consumed during the process. The fundamental principle of catalysis is the ability of a catalyst to alter the reaction mechanism, often introducing a more efficient pathway than the uncatalyzed process.In a catalyzed reaction, the catalyst participates directly in the reaction mechanism. It interacts with reactants to form...
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Inside living organisms, enzymes act as catalysts for many biochemical reactions involved in cellular metabolism. The role of enzymes is to reduce the activation energies of biochemical reactions by forming complexes with its substrates. The lowering of activation energies favor an increase in the rates of biochemical reactions.
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Development of Heterogeneous Enantioselective Catalysts using Chiral Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs)
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Directing reaction pathways by catalyst active-site selection using self-assembled monolayers.

Simon H Pang1, Carolyn A Schoenbaum, Daniel K Schwartz

  • 11] Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA [2].

Nature Communications
|September 13, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers tuned palladium catalyst selectivity for furfural conversion using alkanethiolate self-assembled monolayers. This method enhances desired product formation, including furfuryl alcohol and methylfuran, by controlling active site availability.

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Area of Science:

  • Heterogeneous catalysis
  • Surface chemistry
  • Organic synthesis

Background:

  • Controlling reaction selectivity is crucial in heterogeneous catalysis.
  • Tailoring catalyst active sites is a key strategy for achieving desired product formation.
  • Furfural conversion is important for producing valuable chemicals.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the use of alkanethiolate self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) for tuning selectivity in furfural hydrogenation and hydrodeoxygenation.
  • To demonstrate how varying SAM surface densities can control active site availability on supported palladium catalysts.
  • To elucidate the relationship between SAM structure and catalytic performance.

Main Methods:

  • Preparation of supported palladium catalysts modified with alkanethiolate SAMs of varying densities.
  • Utilizing vibrational spectroscopy to study the interaction between SAMs and the palladium surface.
  • Analyzing product distribution from furfural reactions to determine catalytic selectivity.
  • Correlating SAM surface density and ligand structure with observed catalytic outcomes.

Main Results:

  • Alkanethiolate SAMs effectively tune the selectivity of palladium catalysts for furfural conversion.
  • Increasing SAM density, controlled by ligand steric bulk, restricts adsorption on terrace sites.
  • This restriction significantly enhances selectivity towards desired products: furfuryl alcohol and methylfuran.
  • Vibrational spectroscopy confirmed the control over active site availability.

Conclusions:

  • Alkanethiolate SAMs provide a versatile method for active-site selection in heterogeneous catalysis.
  • This approach enhances selectivity and offers mechanistic insights into catalytic reactions.
  • The technique allows for precise control over product distribution in furfural transformations.