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Related Concept Videos

Hypertension III: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies01:30

Hypertension III: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies

Hypertension is asymptomatic and also referred to as the "silent killer" until it progresses to a severe stage or causes target organ disease. Patients may experience symptoms stemming from the strain on blood vessels and tissues in various organs or the heart's increased workload.Physical exams might show no abnormalities other than high blood pressure. Signs of vascular damage, when present, correspond to the organs supplied by the affected vessels, leading to target organ damage. For...
Heart Failure II: Pathophysiology01:29

Heart Failure II: Pathophysiology

Systolic Heart Failure and Compensatory MechanismsSystolic heart failure (also termed HFrEF, Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction) is the most prevalent type of heart filure. It results in a decreased volume of blood being pumped from the ventricle. The aortic arch and carotid sinuses have baroreceptors that detect reduced blood pressure, triggering the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) to release epinephrine and norepinephrine. Initially, this response aims to boost heart rate and...
Hypertension II: Pathophysiology01:29

Hypertension II: Pathophysiology

Hypertension is a chronic condition in which the blood's force against artery walls is excessively high, posing risks such as heart disease. The condition's underlying mechanisms involve complex interactions among the cardiovascular, kidney, and autonomic nervous systems.Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS): This system significantly influences blood pressure regulation. When blood pressure decreases, the kidneys secrete renin. This enzyme transforms angiotensinogen, a plasma protein,...
Hypertension and Regulation of Blood Pressure01:18

Hypertension and Regulation of Blood Pressure

Hypertension, the most common cardiovascular disease, is diagnosed through repeated measurements of elevated blood pressure. Its risks, including damage to the kidney, heart, and brain, are directly proportional to blood pressure levels. Starting from 115/75 mm Hg, the risk of cardiovascular disease doubles with each increment of 20/10 mm Hg. The diagnosis relies on blood pressure measurements, not on patient symptoms, as hypertension is often asymptomatic until end-organ damage is imminent or...
Disorders of the Autonomic Nervous System01:18

Disorders of the Autonomic Nervous System

The autonomic nervous system (ANS) is an intricate network of nerves that controls functions such as the regulation of heart rate, digestion, and blood pressure regulation. When this system malfunctions, it can lead to various disorders that affect multiple bodily functions. One common feature of many autonomic disorders is the involvement of smooth blood vessels, which play a crucial role in regulating blood flow throughout the body.
Raynaud's disease, also known as Raynaud's phenomenon, is a...
Imbalances in Cardiac Output01:26

Imbalances in Cardiac Output

The heart's primary function is to pump blood throughout the body, maintaining a balance between blood sent out (cardiac output) and blood returning (venous return). If this balance is disrupted, it can result in congestive heart failure (CHF), a severe condition where the heart becomes an inefficient pump, leading to inadequate blood circulation.
CHF can occur due to the failure of either side of the heart. Left-side failure leads to pulmonary congestion—the right side continues to send blood...

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Updated: May 8, 2026

A Model of Cardiac Remodeling Through Constriction of the Abdominal Aorta in Rats
07:31

A Model of Cardiac Remodeling Through Constriction of the Abdominal Aorta in Rats

Published on: December 2, 2016

Cardiovascular changes during chronic hypertensive states.

Dorota Drozdz1, Kalina Kawecka-Jaszcz

  • 1Dialysis Unit, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 265 Wielicka Str., 30-663, Krakow, Poland, dadrozdz@cm-uj.krakow.pl.

Pediatric Nephrology (Berlin, Germany)
|September 13, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

High blood pressure (hypertension) is a key risk factor for heart and kidney disease. Early detection of target organ damage in children with hypertension is crucial for preventing cardiovascular events.

More Related Videos

Assessment of Vascular Function in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease
08:50

Assessment of Vascular Function in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease

Published on: June 16, 2014

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Last Updated: May 8, 2026

A Model of Cardiac Remodeling Through Constriction of the Abdominal Aorta in Rats
07:31

A Model of Cardiac Remodeling Through Constriction of the Abdominal Aorta in Rats

Published on: December 2, 2016

Assessment of Vascular Function in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease
08:50

Assessment of Vascular Function in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease

Published on: June 16, 2014

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Nephrology
  • Pediatrics

Background:

  • Elevated blood pressure is a significant risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, including coronary heart disease, heart failure, and stroke.
  • Hypertension's duration and severity influence target organ damage, with effects detectable even in childhood.
  • Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the importance of antihypertensive therapy in preventing cardiovascular events.
  • To emphasize that intermediate target organ damage is detectable in childhood.
  • To underscore the need for nephroprotection and cardioprotection in pediatric and adult CKD patients.

Main Methods:

  • Review of established knowledge on hypertension and cardiovascular risk.
  • Analysis of target organ damage in pediatric populations with hypertension.
  • Examination of cardiovascular risk factors in chronic kidney disease patients.

Main Results:

  • Intermediate target organ damage, such as left ventricular hypertrophy, is present in childhood.
  • Children with CKD are particularly susceptible to long-term cardiovascular risk factors.
  • Cardiovascular morbidity and mortality are high in young adults with a history of childhood CKD.

Conclusions:

  • Antihypertensive treatment aims to reduce global cardiovascular event risk.
  • Early detection and management of hypertension and its target organ damage in children are essential.
  • Integrated nephroprotection and cardioprotection strategies are vital for improving outcomes in pediatric and adult CKD patients.