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[Zinc deficiency in a premature infant]
1Bispebjerg Hospital, København, dermato-venerologisk afdeling A.
Ugeskrift for Laeger
|September 3, 1990
Summary
Severe zinc depletion in a premature infant was linked to low zinc levels in breast milk. Supplementation rapidly improved the infant's growth and resolved characteristic skin lesions.
Area of Science:
- Neonatal Nutrition
- Pediatric Dermatology
- Trace Element Metabolism
Background:
- Premature infants are at risk for nutritional deficiencies due to immature organ systems.
- Breast milk is the primary source of nutrition for infants, but its trace element content can vary.
- Zinc is essential for growth, immune function, and skin integrity.
Observation:
- A premature infant (1,218 g birth weight) presented with severe zinc depletion at two months of age.
- The infant's mother's breast milk contained low levels of zinc (approximately 5 mumol/l).
- Clinical manifestations included stunted growth, catarrhal symptoms, and acrodermatitis (an eczematous eruption).
Findings:
- Serum zinc levels were significantly low (6.8 mumol/l).
- Serum alkaline phosphatase activity was also reduced, consistent with zinc deficiency.
- Oral zinc sulfate supplementation (11-22.5 mg/day) led to rapid clinical improvement and skin healing within a week.
Implications:
- This case highlights the critical role of adequate zinc transfer from mother to infant, even via breast milk.
- Monitoring zinc levels and considering supplementation may be crucial for premature infants with specific clinical signs.
- Early diagnosis and intervention with zinc supplementation can effectively manage zinc depletion and its associated dermatological and growth complications in neonates.