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Role of Myosin in Cell Migration

Role of Myosin in Cell Migration

Myosins are multimeric motor proteins involved in various cellular processes such as migration, adhesion, and proliferation. Myosin II is the most common type in animal cells, which binds and cross-links actin filaments.
Myosin II is a hexamer comprising two heavy chains with globular heads and coiled-coil tails, two regulatory light chains, and two essential light chains. The ATPase sites on the myosin heads hydrolyze ATP, and the released phosphate generates the force for contraction. It is...

Overview of Myosin Structure and Function

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Myosins are a family of molecular motor proteins, first identified in the skeletal muscles, where they are responsible for muscle contraction. Along with their role in muscle contraction, these proteins also play a role in the intracellular transport of molecules and vesicles. There are twenty-four classes of myosins based on their domain sequence and organization. Of the twenty-four, six classes (Myosin I, Myosin II, Myosin V, Myosin VI, Myosin VII, and Myosin X) have been well characterized.

The Sarcomere

The Sarcomere

A sarcomere is a microscopic segment repeating in a myofibril. The sarcomere fundamentally consists of two main myofilaments: thick filaments called myosin and thin filaments called actin. These filaments interact by sliding past each other in response to stimulus. In addition to myosin and actin, several other proteins, such as tropomyosin, troponin, titin, nebulin, myomesin, α-actinin, and dystrophin, play crucial roles in regulating, structuring, and functioning of the sarcomere.
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The Role of Actin and Myosin in Non-muscle Cells

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 8, 2026

In Vitro and In Vivo Approaches to Determine Intestinal Epithelial Cell Permeability

In Vitro and In Vivo Approaches to Determine Intestinal Epithelial Cell Permeability

Published on: October 19, 2018

Myosin VI contributes to maintaining epithelial barrier function.

Yu-Wei Liao¹, Xing-Mao Wu, Jia Jia

¹Department of Anesthesiology, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, 36 Sanhao St, Shenyang 110004, China. Wuxm1@sj-hospital.org.

Journal of Biomedical Science

|September 14, 2013

Summary

Myosin VI (myo6) is crucial for endosome-lysosome fusion in epithelial cells. Myosin VI deficiency impairs epithelial barrier function, potentially contributing to immune inflammation.

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MultiBac System-Based Purification and Biophysical Characterization of Human Myosin-7a

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Last Updated: May 8, 2026

In Vitro and In Vivo Approaches to Determine Intestinal Epithelial Cell Permeability

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Published on: October 19, 2018

Optogenetic Inhibition of Rho1-Mediated Actomyosin Contractility Coupled with Measurement of Epithelial Tension in Drosophila Embryos

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MultiBac System-Based Purification and Biophysical Characterization of Human Myosin-7a

MultiBac System-Based Purification and Biophysical Characterization of Human Myosin-7a

Published on: August 23, 2024

Area of Science:

Cell Biology
Immunology
Epithelial Biology

Background:

Epithelial barrier dysfunction is implicated in immune inflammatory diseases.
Endosome-lysosome fusion is vital for degrading endocytic antigens in epithelial cells.
Myosin VI (myo6) has been linked to endosome trafficking.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the role of myosin VI (myo6) in epithelial barrier function.
To understand the mechanism of epithelial barrier dysfunction related to endocytic processes.

Main Methods:

Utilized myosin VI-deficient Rmc epithelial cells.
Assessed endosome-lysosome fusion rates via microscopy.
Measured epithelial barrier permeability using macromolecular antigens like ovalbumin.

Main Results:

Myosin VI deficiency led to significant endosome accumulation in Rmc cells.
Endosome-lysosome fusion decreased from over 80% in normal cells to less than 30% in myo6-deficient cells.
Myosin VI-deficient Rmc monolayers exhibited increased permeability to ovalbumin, preserving its antigenicity and inducing T cell activation.

Conclusions:

Myosin VI (myo6) is essential for endosome-lysosome fusion in Rmc epithelial cells.
Myosin VI deficiency compromises epithelial barrier integrity.
Dysfunctional endosome-lysosome fusion due to myo6 deficiency may contribute to immune inflammation.