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Updated: May 7, 2026

Measurement & Analysis of the Temporal Discrimination Threshold Applied to Cervical Dystonia
Published on: January 27, 2018
Fixed dystonia of the left hand in a violinist: a rare functional disorder
André Lee1, Andreas K Jahnke, Eckart Altenmüller
1Institute for Music Physiology and Musicians' Medicine, University for Music, Drama and Media Hannover, 30175 Hannover, Germany.
Background:
Fixed dystonia leads to an immobile abnormal posturing of the affected limb. There is an ongoing debate whether this condition is psychogenic in origin.
Case Report:
We present a 21-year-old violinist with fixed dystonia after an acute overuse injury with a transient cyanosis but no signs for psychological trauma. After Incobotulinumtoxin injection, symptoms subsided within 8 hours.
Discussion:
Our case corroborates the notion that fixed dystonias after minor injuries are functional disorders. It underlines the necessity of a biopsychosocial approach to functional disorders, considering the possibility of an overlay between organic and non-organic disorders.
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