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Nonequilibrium work by charge control in a Josephson junction.

Su Do Yi1, Beom Jun Kim, Juyeon Yi

  • 1Department of Physics and BK21 Physics Research Division, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea.

Physical Review. E, Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics
|September 17, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study investigates nonequilibrium work in Josephson junctions using fluctuation theorems. Researchers confirmed free energy changes (ΔF=0) using the Bennett

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Area of Science:

  • Quantum electronics
  • Statistical mechanics
  • Condensed matter physics

Background:

  • Josephson junctions are key components in quantum circuits.
  • Understanding nonequilibrium work is crucial for quantum thermodynamics.
  • Fluctuation theorems provide insights into energy exchange in small systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine nonequilibrium work in a single Josephson junction under time-varying gate charge.
  • To apply fluctuation theorems to analyze work distributions and free energy changes.
  • To investigate the impact of junction quality and dissipation on work statistics.

Main Methods:

  • Theoretical analysis of a single Josephson junction model.
  • Application of fluctuation theorems, including Crooks relation and Jarzynski equality.
  • Comparison of Bennett's acceptance ratio method for free energy estimation.

Main Results:

  • Confirmed Crooks relation for free energy changes (ΔF=0) in high-quality junctions.
  • Demonstrated that Jarzynski equality's reliability depends on protocol parameters.
  • Bennett's acceptance ratio method consistently yielded ΔF=0.
  • Analyzed the relationship between work average, heat, and entropy production.
  • Discussed dissipation effects on work statistics with finite tunnel resistance.

Conclusions:

  • Free energy changes in the studied Josephson junction system are zero under the examined conditions.
  • Bennett's acceptance ratio method offers a reliable approach for free energy estimation in such systems.
  • Dissipation significantly influences work statistics in Josephson junctions with finite resistance.