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Related Concept Videos

Language Development01:22

Language Development

Children master language quickly and with relative ease, supported by both biological predisposition and reinforcement. B. F. Skinner (1957) proposed that language is learned through reinforcement, while Noam Chomsky (1965) argued that language acquisition mechanisms are biologically determined.
The critical period for language acquisition suggests that the ability to acquire language is at its peak early in life. As people age, this proficiency decreases. Language development begins very...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 7, 2026

Examining Recall Memory in Infancy and Early Childhood Using the Elicited Imitation Paradigm
06:35

Examining Recall Memory in Infancy and Early Childhood Using the Elicited Imitation Paradigm

Published on: April 28, 2016

Markers for persistent specific expressive language delay in 3-4-year-olds.

Andrea Everitt1, Philip Hannaford, Gina Conti-Ramsden

  • 1Academic Primary Care, Division of Applied Health Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK.

International Journal of Language & Communication Disorders
|September 17, 2013
PubMed
Summary

A modified Recalling Sentences task is an effective early marker for identifying children with specific expressive language delay (SELD). This method helps predict which children are likely to have persistent expressive language delay (PELD) in later years.

Keywords:
late talkersmarkerspredictorssentence repetitionspecific expressive language delayspecific language impairment

More Related Videos

Portable Intermodal Preferential Looking (IPL): Investigating Language Comprehension in Typically Developing Toddlers and Young Children with Autism
10:11

Portable Intermodal Preferential Looking (IPL): Investigating Language Comprehension in Typically Developing Toddlers and Young Children with Autism

Published on: December 14, 2012

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 7, 2026

Examining Recall Memory in Infancy and Early Childhood Using the Elicited Imitation Paradigm
06:35

Examining Recall Memory in Infancy and Early Childhood Using the Elicited Imitation Paradigm

Published on: April 28, 2016

Portable Intermodal Preferential Looking (IPL): Investigating Language Comprehension in Typically Developing Toddlers and Young Children with Autism
10:11

Portable Intermodal Preferential Looking (IPL): Investigating Language Comprehension in Typically Developing Toddlers and Young Children with Autism

Published on: December 14, 2012

Area of Science:

  • Child language development
  • Developmental psychology
  • Speech-language pathology

Background:

  • Early identification of language difficulties in preschoolers is challenging due to natural language variation.
  • Established markers for specific language impairment (SLI) in older children may not apply to younger age groups.
  • Risk markers for persisting language difficulties in 3-4-year-olds require further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify risk markers distinguishing specific expressive language delay (SELD) in 3-5-year-olds from typical language development.
  • To determine predictors for persistent expressive language delay (PELD) in children initially diagnosed with SELD.
  • To evaluate the utility of specific tasks in identifying at-risk children.

Main Methods:

  • Compared 47 children with SELD and 47 with typical language development (TLD) at ages 3-4 (baseline) and 4-5 (follow-up).
  • Assessed language, nonverbal IQ, and marker tasks, using the Preschool Language Scale-3 (PLS-3) Expressive Communication (EC) subscale as a reference standard.
  • Examined predictors for PELD at follow-up based on baseline performance.

Main Results:

  • A modified Recalling Sentences task (CELF-Preschool UK) was the most effective marker for SELD at both baseline and follow-up.
  • 76.1% of children with SELD at baseline exhibited PELD at follow-up.
  • PLS-3 Auditory Comprehension (AC) and EC subscales, along with modified Recalling Sentences at baseline, predicted PELD at follow-up.

Conclusions:

  • Modified Recalling Sentences serves as a reliable risk marker for SELD in 3-5-year-old children.
  • PLS-3 AC, PLS-3 EC, and modified Recalling Sentences at baseline are strong predictors of PELD.
  • Further research is needed to confirm the predictive validity of the modified Recalling Sentences task.