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Related Concept Videos

Alzheimer Disease l: Introduction01:29

Alzheimer Disease l: Introduction

Alzheimer disease is a chronic, progressive, and irreversible neurodegenerative disorder and the most common cause of dementia in older adults. It leads to gradual neuronal loss, causing cognitive decline, behavioral changes, and loss of functional independence.Risk Factors and EtiologyThe disease is multifactorial. Age is the strongest risk factor, with prevalence doubling every 5 years after age 65. Genetic factors include mutations in genes such as APP, PSEN1, and PSEN2, which are associated...
Alzheimer Disease ll: Pathophysiology01:23

Alzheimer Disease ll: Pathophysiology

Alzheimer disease involves structural changes in the brain that begin long before symptoms appear. The most distinctive features are extracellular neuritic plaques and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles.Neuritic plaques form in the cerebral cortex and around blood vessels. These plaques contain a dense core of beta-amyloid (Aβ)—a toxic protein fragment that clumps outside neurons. The core is surrounded by damaged neuronal extensions, as well as reactive astrocytes and microglia. Abnormal...
Dementia l: Introduction01:22

Dementia l: Introduction

Dementia is an acquired, progressive syndrome characterized by a decline in multiple cognitive domains severe enough to impair daily functioning and reduce independence. Although memory loss is a central feature, the diagnosis requires additional deficits involving language, executive function, visuospatial skills, judgment, calculation, or abstract reasoning. These cognitive impairments reflect underlying neurodegenerative or vascular processes that gradually disrupt neuronal networks...
Alzheimer's Disease: Overview01:26

Alzheimer's Disease: Overview

Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a continually advancing neurodegenerative disorder, distinguished by escalating memory loss, cognitive dysfunction, and dementia. The disease unfolds in three stages: preclinical, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and dementia. Its onset is insidious, and the progression gradual, with the cause not well explained by other disorders.
The clinical diagnosis of AD hinges on the presence of memory and other cognitive impairments. Biomarkers, such as changes in Aβ and tau...
Alzheimer's Disease: Treatment01:22

Alzheimer's Disease: Treatment

Alzheimer's Disease (AD), a neurodegenerative disorder, is pathologically identified by amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles composed of tau protein. AD pharmacotherapy aims to manage cognitive symptoms, delay disease progression, and treat behavioral symptoms. The treatment is primarily symptomatic and palliative, with no definitive disease-modifying therapy available. Cholinesterase inhibitors, including donepezil (Aricept), rivastigmine (Exelon), and galantamine (Razadyne), are...
Dementia01:30

Dementia

Dementia is a collective term for cognitive disorders primarily affecting memory, thinking, and reasoning. It is not a specific disease but a syndrome, with Alzheimer's disease being the most common cause, accounting for approximately 60-80% of cases. Other types include vascular dementia, Lewy body dementia, and frontotemporal dementia. Dementia affects millions worldwide, particularly older adults, though it is not a normal part of aging.
The progression of dementia is generally gradual.

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Lexical Decision Task for Studying Written Word Recognition in Adults with and without Dementia or Mild Cognitive Impairment
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Aphasia(s) in Alzheimer.

M Teichmann1, S Ferrieux

  • 1Department of neurology, centre de référence "Démences Rares", hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, 47-83, boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France; Inserm UMRS 975, CRICM, hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, 47-83, boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France.

Revue Neurologique
|September 17, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Alzheimer disease (AD) variants cause primary and secondary language disorders, impacting specific brain regions. Understanding these Alzheimer disease variants is key for diagnosis, patient care, and developing targeted treatments for degenerative aphasias.

Keywords:
Alzheimer's diseaseAphasiaAphasieLanguage assessmentMaladie d’AlzheimerÉvaluation du langage

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Linguistics
  • Neurology

Background:

  • Language disorders are common in Alzheimer disease (AD) variants.
  • AD pathology can directly affect language cortices or spread from other brain areas.
  • These disorders manifest as primary or secondary aphasia syndromes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review Alzheimer disease (AD) variants and their effects on the neural language system.
  • To characterize the impact of AD on linguistic functioning.
  • To provide diagnostic strategies for classifying and managing patients with degenerative aphasias.

Main Methods:

  • Review of Alzheimer disease (AD) variants affecting language.
  • Characterization of impact on neural language system and linguistic function.
  • Integration of linguistic phenotyping with anatomical and neuropathological findings.

Main Results:

  • Three genuine AD language variants arise from direct erosion of language cortices, accounting for ~30% of primary degenerative aphasias.
  • Secondary language disorders occur when AD pathology spreads to language areas.
  • Distinct AD variants exhibit unique patterns of language impairment.

Conclusions:

  • Accurate diagnosis of AD-related language disorders requires detailed linguistic phenotyping and neuroimaging.
  • Effective patient classification, clinical follow-up, and rehabilitation depend on precise diagnosis.
  • Improved diagnostic approaches are crucial for advancing therapeutic strategies and clinical trials for degenerative aphasias.