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25th anniversary article: Engineering hydrogels for biofabrication.

Jos Malda1, Jetze Visser, Ferry P Melchels

  • 1Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, P.O. Box 85500, 3508, GA Utrecht, The Netherlands; Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of TechnologyKelvin Grove Urban Village, Brisbane, QLD 4059, Australia; Department of Equine Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 112, 3584 CM, Utrecht, The Netherlands.

Advanced Materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)
|September 17, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Optimizing hydrogel bioinks is crucial for advancing tissue engineering and biofabrication. Developing printable hydrogels that support cell functions will accelerate the regeneration of tissues and organs.

Keywords:
additive manufacturingbiofabricationbiomaterialsbiopolymersbioprintinghydrogel

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Tissue Engineering
  • Regenerative Medicine

Background:

  • Tissue engineering aims to regenerate tissues and organs using bioactive materials and cells.
  • Biofabrication creates 3D tissue-like structures, often using cell-laden hydrogels (bioinks).
  • Hydrogels offer a supportive, hydrated 3D environment for cells, mimicking the extracellular matrix.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the parameters and demands of hydrogels in biofabrication processes.
  • To highlight the limitations of current hydrogels for biofabrication.
  • To stimulate new developments in hydrogel design for tissue engineering.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on hydrogel bioinks in biofabrication.
  • Focus on robotic dispensing for generating clinically relevant constructs.
  • Analysis of hydrogel properties concerning biofabrication process demands.

Main Results:

  • Hydrogels are essential for biofabrication but often lack optimization for the process itself.
  • Current hydrogel bioinks present a significant hurdle to rapid progress in tissue engineering.
  • Robotic dispensing requires specific hydrogel properties for successful construct fabrication.

Conclusions:

  • There is a critical need for improved hydrogel bioinks tailored to biofabrication processes.
  • Further research into hydrogel design is necessary to meet the physico-chemical demands of biofabrication.
  • Development of "printable" hydrogels will significantly advance tissue engineering and organ regeneration.