Biomimetic synthesis of equisetin and (+)-fusarisetin A

(+)-Fusarisetin A belongs to a group of acyl tetramic acid natural products that show potential anticancer activity. Equisetin, a biogenetically related acyl tetramic acid, contains the basic skeleton of (+)-fusarisetin A. We proposed that equisetin and (+)-fusarisetin A share a biosynthetic pathway that starts with naturally occurring (S)-serine and an unsaturated fatty acid. In support of this hypothesis, we have demonstrated that a cyclization sequence involving an intramolecular Diels-Alder reaction followed by a Dieckmann cyclization of polyenoylamino acid yielded equisetin. The aerobic oxidation of equisetin, promoted by either Mn(III)/O2 or a reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by visible-light chemistry, gave peroxyfusarisetin, which could be easily reduced to (+)-fusarisetin A. We report herein detailed information on the biogenetic synthesis of equisetin and (+)-fusarisetin A.