Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Infectious Diseases and Their Occurrence

Infectious Diseases and Their Occurrence

Infectious diseases appear in populations through various transmission patterns, influenced by pathogen characteristics, population immunity, environmental conditions, and social behavior. Understanding these patterns is essential for effective public health surveillance and intervention. These categories—sporadic, outbreak, epidemic, pandemic, and endemic—help frame the nature and scope of disease events.Sporadic diseases occur irregularly and infrequently, without a predictable temporal or...

Vaccinations

Vaccinations

Steps in Outbreak Investigation

Steps in Outbreak Investigation

In the ever-evolving field of public health, statistical analysis serves as a cornerstone for understanding and managing disease outbreaks. By leveraging various statistical tools, health professionals can predict potential outbreaks, analyze ongoing situations, and devise effective responses to mitigate impact. For that to happen, there are a few possible stages of the analysis:

Investigation of Disease Outbreaks

Investigation of Disease Outbreaks

Multistate foodborne outbreaks pose significant public health risks and require meticulous investigation to identify sources and implement control measures. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) utilizes a dynamic seven-step process for these investigations, integrating data from laboratories, interviews, and environmental assessments to protect public health.Outbreak Detection: The detection of multistate outbreaks typically begins with PulseNet, the CDC's national laboratory...

Influenza

Influenza

Influenza is an acute, highly communicable viral disease that affects the respiratory tract and is responsible for seasonal epidemics worldwide. Influenza A is the most prevalent type associated with widespread outbreaks and is subtyped based on two surface glycoproteins: hemagglutinin (H) and neuraminidase (N), as in H1N1. These glycoproteins are essential for viral infectivity, transmission, and immune recognition. Transmission occurs primarily through respiratory droplets and contaminated...

Diphtheria

Diphtheria

Diphtheria is an acute, toxin-mediated infectious disease that primarily affects the upper respiratory tract. It is caused by Corynebacterium diphtheriae, a Gram-positive, pleomorphic rod that lacks spore-forming capability and exhibits a characteristic club-shaped morphology under microscopic examination. While C. diphtheriae can asymptomatically colonize mucosal surfaces, clinical disease manifests only when the bacterial strain is lysogenized by a specific β-corynephage. This phage...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same authorSame journal

Lyme disease in Poland in 2023.

Przeglad epidemiologiczny·2026

Same authorSame journal

Pertussis in Poland in 2023.

Przeglad epidemiologiczny·2026

Same author

Public spending on immunisation in Poland.

Frontiers in public health·2025

Same author

Chickenpox in Poland in 2023.

Przeglad epidemiologiczny·2025

Same author

Mumps in Poland in 2023.

Przeglad epidemiologiczny·2025

Same author

Measles in Poland: 2022-2023.

Przeglad epidemiologiczny·2025

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 7, 2026

Vaccinia Reporter Viruses for Quantifying Viral Function at All Stages of Gene Expression

Vaccinia Reporter Viruses for Quantifying Viral Function at All Stages of Gene Expression

Published on: May 15, 2014

Chickenpox in Poland in 2011.

Małgorzata Lipke¹, Iwona Paradowska-Stankiewicz

¹Department of Epidemiology, National Institute of Public Health - National Institute of Hygiene, Warsaw. mgluchowska@pzh.gov.pl

Przeglad Epidemiologiczny

|September 18, 2013

Summary

Chickenpox incidence in Poland decreased slightly in 2011 but shows a rising trend since 2004. High rates highlight the need for widespread childhood chickenpox vaccination.

Area of Science:

Epidemiology
Public Health
Vaccinology

Background:

Chickenpox (varicella) vaccination is recommended in Poland since 2002, driven by numerous pediatric cases.
Understanding disease epidemiology is crucial for public health interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

To analyze the 2011 epidemiological situation of chickenpox in Poland.
To compare 2011 data with previous years' trends.

Main Methods:

Analysis of official Polish reports: "Infectious diseases and poisonings in Poland in 2011" and "Immunization Safety in Poland in 2011."
Inclusion of data from the "Immunization Program for 2011."

Main Results:

Poland recorded 172,855 chickenpox cases in 2011, with an incidence of 448.7 per 100,000 population.

More Related Videos

Vaccinia Virus Infection & Temporal Analysis of Virus Gene Expression: Part 1

Vaccinia Virus Infection & Temporal Analysis of Virus Gene Expression: Part 1

Published on: April 8, 2009

Vaccinia Virus Infection & Temporal Analysis of Virus Gene Expression: Part 2

Vaccinia Virus Infection & Temporal Analysis of Virus Gene Expression: Part 2

Published on: April 10, 2009

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 7, 2026

Vaccinia Reporter Viruses for Quantifying Viral Function at All Stages of Gene Expression

Vaccinia Reporter Viruses for Quantifying Viral Function at All Stages of Gene Expression

Published on: May 15, 2014

Vaccinia Virus Infection & Temporal Analysis of Virus Gene Expression: Part 1

Vaccinia Virus Infection & Temporal Analysis of Virus Gene Expression: Part 1

Published on: April 8, 2009

Vaccinia Virus Infection & Temporal Analysis of Virus Gene Expression: Part 2

Vaccinia Virus Infection & Temporal Analysis of Virus Gene Expression: Part 2

Published on: April 10, 2009

Incidence was highest in the 5-9 age group, in males, and in rural areas.

1,016 hospitalizations occurred, and 38,943 individuals were vaccinated.

Conclusions:

A slight decrease in chickenpox incidence was observed in 2011, yet a rising trend persists since 2004.
Improved disease surveillance may contribute to observed incidence.
The persistent high incidence underscores the importance of widespread childhood chickenpox vaccination.