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Related Concept Videos

T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
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Inflammatory Bowel Disease III: Crohn's Disease01:25

Inflammatory Bowel Disease III: Crohn's Disease

Crohn’s disease is a chronic, relapsing form of inflammatory bowel disease characterized by segmental, transmural inflammation that can affect any part of the gastrointestinal tract. Its pathogenesis arises from a combination of genetic susceptibility, environmental exposures, epithelial barrier dysfunction, and immune dysregulation. Together, these factors lead to an exaggerated immune response against components of the gut microbiome.Genetic and Environmental InfluencesMultiple genetic...
Renewal of Intestinal Stem Cells01:23

Renewal of Intestinal Stem Cells

The intestinal epithelial lining rapidly renews every 4 to 5 days. The renewal is facilitated by intestinal stem cells (ISCs) located at the base of the crypt– a gland located at the bottom of each villus. ISCs divide asymmetrically to form new stem cells and progenitor daughter cells. The daughter cells are called transit-amplifying (TA) cells which move upwards along the crypt and either differentiate into absorptive cells– the enterocytes or secretory cells– including the goblet,...
Inflammatory Bowel Disease II: Ulcerative Colitis01:20

Inflammatory Bowel Disease II: Ulcerative Colitis

Ulcerative colitis is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the colon characterized by continuous mucosal inflammation that typically begins in the rectum and extends proximally in a uniform pattern. Its pathogenesis involves a complex interplay of genetic predisposition, immune dysregulation, and environmental influences. These factors converge to impair the colon’s epithelial defenses and promote an exaggerated inflammatory response against luminal contents.Breakdown of the Mucosal BarrierA...

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Updated: May 7, 2026

Isolation and Th17 Differentiation of Na&iuml;ve CD4 T Lymphocytes
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Functional plasticity of Th17 cells: implications in gastrointestinal tract function.

Natividad Garrido-Mesa1, Francesca Algieri, Alba Rodríguez Nogales

  • 1CIBER-EHD, Department of Pharmacology, Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada , Granada , Spain.

International Reviews of Immunology
|September 18, 2013
PubMed
Summary

The gastrointestinal tract relies on CD4(+) T helper (Th) cells, including Th17 cells, for immune responses. This review explores Th17 cell plasticity and heterogeneity in gut immunity, crucial for understanding intestinal diseases.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Gastroenterology

Background:

  • The gastrointestinal tract is integral to the immune system, maintaining homeostasis.
  • Intestinal conditions often involve altered immune responses mediated by CD4(+) T helper (Th) cells.
  • Th cell subsets (Th1, Th2, Th17) have distinct functions in host defense.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current knowledge on Th17 cell regulation and function in the gut.
  • To focus on Th17 cell plasticity, heterogeneity, and interactions with regulatory T cells.
  • To highlight the importance of understanding Th17 cells for developing novel therapeutic strategies for intestinal diseases.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on Th17 cell biology in the gastrointestinal tract.
  • Analysis of Th17 cell differentiation, plasticity, and functional heterogeneity.
  • Examination of the role of Th17 cells in inflammatory conditions and host defense.

Main Results:

  • Th17 cells selectively produce IL-17A and are vital for combating extracellular pathogens.
  • Functional plasticity exists between Th1 and Th17 lineages, influencing inflammatory conditions.
  • Th17 cell heterogeneity and interactions with regulatory T cells are key features in the gut's inflammatory microenvironment.

Conclusions:

  • A deeper understanding of Th17 cell plasticity and heterogeneity is critical for elucidating their role in intestinal immunity.
  • Targeting Th17 cells holds promise for developing new therapeutic approaches for various intestinal diseases.
  • Further research into Th17 cell biology is essential for advancing treatments for gastrointestinal disorders.