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Related Concept Videos

Skin Cancer01:30

Skin Cancer

Skin cancer is a type of cancer that occurs when there is an abnormal growth of skin cells, usually triggered by damage to the DNA within the skin cells. It is primarily caused by exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or artificial sources like tanning beds. Skin cancer is the most common type of cancer worldwide, and its incidence continues to rise.
Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC): BCC is the most common type of skin cancer, accounting for about 80% of cases. It typically develops in...
Changes in Skin Color: Clinical Perspectives01:14

Changes in Skin Color: Clinical Perspectives

The first thing a clinician sees is the skin, so the examination of the skin should be part of any thorough physical examination. Most skin disorders are relatively benign, but a few, including melanomas, can be fatal if untreated. A couple of the more noticeable disorders, albinism and vitiligo, affect the appearance of the skin and its accessory organs.
Albinism
Albinism is a genetic disorder that affects (completely or partially) the coloring of skin, hair, and eyes. The defect is primarily...
Pigmentation01:19

Pigmentation

The color of the skin is influenced by a number of pigments, including melanin, carotene, and hemoglobin. Recall that melanin is produced by cells called melanocytes, which are found scattered throughout the stratum basale of the epidermis. The melanin is transferred to the keratinocytes via melanosomes.
Melanin occurs in two primary forms: eumelanin that provides black and brown pigment and pheomelanin that provides red color. Dark-skinned individuals produce more melanin than those with pale...
Papillary Dermis01:11

Papillary Dermis

Dermis
The dermis might be considered the "core" of the integumentary system, as distinct from the epidermis and hypodermis. It contains blood and lymph vessels, nerves, and other structures, such as hair follicles and sweat glands. The dermis is made of two layers of connective tissue that comprise an interconnected mesh of elastin and collagenous fibers, produced by fibroblasts.
Papillary Layer
The papillary layer is made of loose, areolar connective tissue, which means the collagen and...
Cancer-Critical Genes II: Tumor Suppressor Genes01:05

Cancer-Critical Genes II: Tumor Suppressor Genes

Genes usually encode proteins necessary for the proper functioning of a healthy cell. Mutations can often cause changes to the gene expression pattern, thereby altering the phenotype.
When the function of certain critical genes, especially those involved in cell cycle regulation and cell growth signaling cascades, gets disrupted, it upsets the cell cycle progression. Such cells with unchecked cell cycles start proliferating uncontrollably and eventually develop into tumors.
Such genes that act...
Cancer-Critical Genes II: Tumor Suppressor Genes01:05

Cancer-Critical Genes II: Tumor Suppressor Genes

Genes usually encode proteins necessary for the proper functioning of a healthy cell. Mutations can often cause changes to the gene expression pattern, thereby altering the phenotype.
When the function of certain critical genes, especially those involved in cell cycle regulation and cell growth signaling cascades, gets disrupted, it upsets the cell cycle progression. Such cells with unchecked cell cycles start proliferating uncontrollably and eventually develop into tumors.
Such genes that act...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 7, 2026

Spatial and Temporal Control of Murine Melanoma Initiation from Mutant Melanocyte Stem Cells
06:09

Spatial and Temporal Control of Murine Melanoma Initiation from Mutant Melanocyte Stem Cells

Published on: June 7, 2019

[Vulvar melanoma].

M Arenbergerová, A Fialová, E Pojezná

    Ceska Gynekologie
    |September 18, 2013
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Surgical management of vulvar melanoma, a rare malignancy, involves wide excision and lymph node biopsy. Advanced techniques like digital dermoscopy improve diagnosis and patient outcomes.

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    Area of Science:

    • Oncology
    • Dermatology
    • Surgical Pathology

    Background:

    • Vulvar melanoma is the second most frequent malignancy affecting the vulva.
    • It accounts for 3.6% to 10% of all malignant vulvar neoplasms.
    • The incidence of vulvar melanoma relative to skin melanoma is approximately 1:71.

    Observation:

    • This report details three cases of vulvar melanoma treated surgically.
    • Treatment modalities included wide excision, sentinel lymph node biopsy, and radical lymphadenectomy.
    • Digital dermoscopy is increasingly utilized for accurate diagnosis and monitoring of pigmented vulvar lesions.

    Findings:

    • Biopsy remains a definitive diagnostic method for vulvar lesions.
    • Sentinel lymph node biopsy and radical lymphadenectomy are key surgical interventions.
    • Digital dermoscopy aids in precise primary diagnosis and follow-up.

    Implications:

    • Advances in diagnostic tools like digital dermoscopy enhance the precision of vulvar melanoma diagnosis.
    • Sentinel lymph node biopsy represents significant progress in managing vulvar melanoma.
    • Effective surgical strategies are crucial for improving outcomes in vulvar melanoma patients.