Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Depressive Disorders: MDD and Dysthymia

Depressive Disorders: MDD and Dysthymia

Depressive disorders are a group of mental health conditions characterized by pervasive feelings of sadness, diminished pleasure in life, and a significant impact on daily functioning. These conditions are most prevalent in individuals during their 30s and affect women at twice the rate of men. Contrary to popular belief, younger individuals are generally more susceptible to these disorders than older adults. Two key types of depressive disorders include Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) and...

Depression: Overview

Depression: Overview

Depression is a prevalent mental illness marked by persistent sadness and lack of interest in previously enjoyable activities. It can take several forms, including major depression, persistent depressive disorder, and bipolar I and II disorders. Symptoms range from emotional changes like chronic worry to physical changes like sleep disturbances and suicidal thoughts. From a neurobiological perspective, depression is believed to be triggered by abnormalities in the brain's prefrontal cortex,...

Dementia l: Introduction

Dementia l: Introduction

Dementia is an acquired, progressive syndrome characterized by a decline in multiple cognitive domains severe enough to impair daily functioning and reduce independence. Although memory loss is a central feature, the diagnosis requires additional deficits involving language, executive function, visuospatial skills, judgment, calculation, or abstract reasoning. These cognitive impairments reflect underlying neurodegenerative or vascular processes that gradually disrupt neuronal networks...

Cerebral Edema ll: Pathophysiology

Cerebral Edema ll: Pathophysiology

Vasogenic edema is a major form of cerebral edema characterized by abnormal accumulation of fluid in the brain’s extracellular space due to disruption of the blood–brain barrier (BBB). The BBB is a specialized structure composed of endothelial cells connected by tight junctions, supported by astrocytic endfeet and a basement membrane. Under normal conditions, it tightly regulates the movement of ions, proteins, and solutes between the bloodstream and brain parenchyma. When this barrier loses...

Long-term Depression

Long-term Depression

Long-term depression, or LTD, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTD is the process of synaptic weakening that occurs over time between pre and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic weakening of LTD works in opposition to synaptic strengthening by long-term potentiation (LTP) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
Calcium Ion Concentration Mechanism
If over time, all...

Long-term Depression

Long-term Depression

Long-term depression, or LTD, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTD is the process of synaptic weakening that occurs over time between pre and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic weakening of LTD works in opposition to synaptic strengthening by long-term potentiation (LTP) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

PN6047 Demonstrates Broad Preclinical Efficacy in Headache Models as a Novel Delta-Opioid Receptor Agonist.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026

Same author

State of the art in the management of migraine-A response to the American College of Physicians migraine preventive treatment guideline.

Headache·2025

Same author

Long-term safety, tolerability, and efficacy of eptinezumab in chronic cluster headache (CHRONICLE): an open-label safety trial.

The Lancet. Neurology·2025

Same author

Characterizing the Diversity of Layer 2/3 Human Neocortical Neurons in Pediatric Epilepsy.

eNeuro·2025

Same author

The cortical spreading depression/migraine aura hypothesis - Finally some definitive evidence.

Headache·2025

Same author

Progesterone receptors regulate susceptibility to spreading depression.

Experimental neurology·2025

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 7, 2026

Combining Imaging and Electrophysiology to Visualize and Record Spreading Depolarizations in Mice

Combining Imaging and Electrophysiology to Visualize and Record Spreading Depolarizations in Mice

Published on: October 4, 2024

Cortical spreading depression and migraine.

Andrew C Charles¹, Serapio M Baca

¹Headache Research and Treatment Program, Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Neuroscience Research Building 1, Room 575, 635 Charles Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA 90095-7335, USA.

Nature Reviews. Neurology

|September 18, 2013

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Cortical spreading depression (CSD) is a brain event linked to migraine aura. While CSD occurs in humans, its exact role in causing migraine symptoms requires further investigation.

More Related Videos

Modeling Neural Immune Signaling of Episodic and Chronic Migraine Using Spreading Depression In Vitro

Modeling Neural Immune Signaling of Episodic and Chronic Migraine Using Spreading Depression In Vitro

Published on: June 13, 2011

Dural Stimulation and Periorbital von Frey Testing in Mice As a Preclinical Model of Headache

Dural Stimulation and Periorbital von Frey Testing in Mice As a Preclinical Model of Headache

Published on: July 29, 2021

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 7, 2026

Combining Imaging and Electrophysiology to Visualize and Record Spreading Depolarizations in Mice

Combining Imaging and Electrophysiology to Visualize and Record Spreading Depolarizations in Mice

Published on: October 4, 2024

Modeling Neural Immune Signaling of Episodic and Chronic Migraine Using Spreading Depression In Vitro

Modeling Neural Immune Signaling of Episodic and Chronic Migraine Using Spreading Depression In Vitro

Published on: June 13, 2011

Dural Stimulation and Periorbital von Frey Testing in Mice As a Preclinical Model of Headache

Dural Stimulation and Periorbital von Frey Testing in Mice As a Preclinical Model of Headache

Published on: July 29, 2021

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Neurology
Migraine Pathophysiology

Background:

Cortical spreading depression (CSD) is a wave of brain activity changes.
CSD has been a proposed mechanism for migraine aura since the 1940s.
CSD is confirmed to occur in humans, particularly after brain injury.

Purpose of the Study:

To review current understanding of CSD.
To explore the potential role of CSD in migraine.
To highlight unanswered questions regarding CSD in migraine.

Main Methods:

Literature review of CSD and migraine research.
Synthesis of evidence from animal models and human studies.
Discussion of ongoing research directions.

Main Results:

CSD involves significant neural and vascular changes.
Animal models provide indirect support for CSD's role in migraine aura.
CSD is demonstrably present in the human brain.

Conclusions:

The precise role of CSD in migraine remains uncertain.
Key questions about CSD initiation, spread, and symptom causation persist.
Further research is needed to fully understand CSD's fundamental brain phenomenon and link to migraine.