Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Carboxylic Acids to Methylesters: Alkylation using Diazomethane01:33

Carboxylic Acids to Methylesters: Alkylation using Diazomethane

Carboxylic acids react with diazomethane in an ether solvent via alkylation at the carboxylate oxygen atom to give methyl esters of the corresponding acid with excellent yields.
¹H NMR of Labile Protons: Temporal Resolution01:10

¹H NMR of Labile Protons: Temporal Resolution

Protons bonded to heteroatoms such as nitrogen and oxygen exhibit a range of chemical shift values. This is due to the varying degree of hydrogen bonding between the proton and the heteroatom in other molecules. The extent of hydrogen bonding affects the electron density around the proton, thereby giving different chemical shift values for the protons in the proton NMR spectrum.
The –OH proton in alcohols typically appears in the range of δ 2 to 5 ppm but can vary depending on the specific...
Aldehydes and Ketones with Amines: Imine Formation Mechanism01:23

Aldehydes and Ketones with Amines: Imine Formation Mechanism

Imine formation involves the addition of carbonyl compounds to a primary amine. It begins with the generation of carbinolamine through a series of steps involving an initial nucleophilic attack and then several proton transfer reactions. The second part includes the elimination of water, as a leaving group, to give the imine.
Imines are formed under mildly acidic conditions. A pH of 4.5 is ideal for the reaction.
If the pH is low or the solution is too acidic, the reaction slows down in the...
Multiple Halogenation of Methyl Ketones: Haloform Reaction01:28

Multiple Halogenation of Methyl Ketones: Haloform Reaction

A method involving the transformation of methyl ketones to carboxylic acids using excess base and halogen is called the haloform reaction. It begins with the deprotonation of α hydrogen to form an enolate ion which reacts with the electrophilic halogen to give an α-halo ketone. The step continues until all the α protons are substituted to form a trihalomethyl ketone. The resulting molecule is unstable, and in the presence of a hydroxide base, it readily undergoes nucleophilic acyl substitution.
Structure and Nomenclature of Alcohols and Phenols02:23

Structure and Nomenclature of Alcohols and Phenols

Overview
Alcohols are one of the most important functional groups in organic chemistry. The name of alcohol comes from the hydrocarbon from which it is derived. Alcohols are organic molecules containing the functional hydroxyl or –OH group directly bonded to carbon. Phenols have an OH group directly attached to a benzene ring. While alcohols are colorless, phenol is a white crystalline compound with a characteristic "hospital smell" odor.
As with other organic compounds, alcohols and phenols...
Protection of Alcohols02:31

Protection of Alcohols

This lesson delves into the concept of protection and deprotection of a functional group fundamental to synthetic organic chemistry. These phenomena are explained in the context of aliphatic and aromatic alcohols.
Protection
It defines a protecting group as the masking agent to make the more reactive species inert to a given set of conditions. This concept is depicted via the illustration of liquid flow through different outlets in an assembly of pipes. The analogy helps to understand the role...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Macrophage-Encapsulated Bioorthogonal Nanozymes for Targeting Cancer Cells.

JACS Au·2022
Same author

Selective treatment of intracellular bacterial infections using host cell-targeted bioorthogonal nanozymes.

Materials horizons·2022
Same author

High-content and high-throughput identification of macrophage polarization phenotypes.

Chemical science·2021
Same author

In Vivo Editing of Macrophages through Systemic Delivery of CRISPR-Cas9-Ribonucleoprotein-Nanoparticle Nanoassemblies.

Advanced therapeutics·2021
Same author

Macrophage activation by a substituted pyrimido[5,4-b]indole increases anti-cancer activity.

Pharmacological research·2019
Same author

Correction to "Surface-Modified Macrophages Facilitate Tracking of Breast Cancer-Immune Interactions".

ACS chemical biology·2019

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 7, 2026

Preparation and In Vivo Use of an Activity-based Probe for N-acylethanolamine Acid Amidase
11:01

Preparation and In Vivo Use of an Activity-based Probe for N-acylethanolamine Acid Amidase

Published on: November 23, 2016

(1H-Imidazol-4-yl)methanol.

Marisa B Sanders1, John C Farrokh, Joseph Hardie

  • 1Department of Chemistry, The College of New Jersey, 2000 Pennington Rd, Ewing, NJ 08628, USA.

Acta Crystallographica. Section E, Structure Reports Online
|September 19, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study reveals how C4H6N2O molecules form a 2D network through specific hydrogen bonds. These crystal structure interactions involve imidazole and hydroxyl groups, influencing molecular arrangement.

More Related Videos

Preparation of Enantiopure Non-Activated Aziridines and Synthesis of Biemamide B, D, and epiallo-Isomuscarine
11:04

Preparation of Enantiopure Non-Activated Aziridines and Synthesis of Biemamide B, D, and epiallo-Isomuscarine

Published on: June 13, 2022

Modification and Functionalization of the Guanidine Group by Tailor-made Precursors
09:45

Modification and Functionalization of the Guanidine Group by Tailor-made Precursors

Published on: April 27, 2017

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 7, 2026

Preparation and In Vivo Use of an Activity-based Probe for N-acylethanolamine Acid Amidase
11:01

Preparation and In Vivo Use of an Activity-based Probe for N-acylethanolamine Acid Amidase

Published on: November 23, 2016

Preparation of Enantiopure Non-Activated Aziridines and Synthesis of Biemamide B, D, and epiallo-Isomuscarine
11:04

Preparation of Enantiopure Non-Activated Aziridines and Synthesis of Biemamide B, D, and epiallo-Isomuscarine

Published on: June 13, 2022

Modification and Functionalization of the Guanidine Group by Tailor-made Precursors
09:45

Modification and Functionalization of the Guanidine Group by Tailor-made Precursors

Published on: April 27, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Crystallography
  • Supramolecular Chemistry
  • Chemical Physics

Background:

  • Hydrogen bonding is crucial for molecular assembly and material properties.
  • Understanding crystal packing aids in predicting material behavior.
  • Imidazole and hydroxyl groups are common functional groups involved in intermolecular interactions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the predominant hydrogen bonding interactions in the crystal structure of C4H6N2O.
  • To characterize the resulting supramolecular architecture.
  • To identify other significant intermolecular forces, such as C-H⋯O interactions.

Main Methods:

  • Single-crystal X-ray diffraction was used to determine the crystal structure.
  • Analysis of intermolecular distances and angles identified hydrogen bonding networks.
  • Topological analysis was employed to describe the network dimensionality.

Main Results:

  • Two primary hydrogen bonding interactions were identified: N⋯H-O and O⋯H-N.
  • These interactions facilitate the formation of a two-dimensional network parallel to the (10-1) plane.
  • Secondary C-H⋯O interactions were also observed, contributing to the overall crystal packing.

Conclusions:

  • The crystal structure of C4H6N2O is stabilized by a robust 2D hydrogen-bonded network.
  • The identified hydrogen bonding patterns dictate the supramolecular organization in the solid state.
  • Further studies could explore the influence of these interactions on the compound's physical and chemical properties.