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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 7, 2026

Eye Tracking During Visually Situated Language Comprehension: Flexibility and Limitations in Uncovering Visual Context Effects

Eye Tracking During Visually Situated Language Comprehension: Flexibility and Limitations in Uncovering Visual Context Effects

Published on: November 30, 2018

Can singular examples change implicit attitudes in the real-world?

Leslie E Roos¹, Sophie Lebrecht, James W Tanaka

¹Department of Cognitive, Linguistic and Psychological Sciences, Brown University Providence, RI, USA ; Department of Psychology, University of Oregon Eugene, OR, USA.

Frontiers in Psychology

|September 19, 2013

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

The 2008 US election temporarily shifted implicit racial attitudes in US students, as measured by the Affective Lexical Priming Score (ALPS). This change was not observed in Canadian students, suggesting real-world events can influence implicit bias.

Keywords:

affective priming affective valence face processing implicit attitudes other-race effect

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Area of Science:

Social Psychology
Cognitive Science
Political Psychology

Background:

Implicit attitudes towards social groups are independent of explicit beliefs and impact behavior.
Previous research on the 2008 US election yielded conflicting results regarding changes in implicit racial attitudes.
The malleability of implicit attitudes in response to real-world events remains an area of investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate whether the 2008 US election influenced implicit racial attitudes.
To compare changes in implicit attitudes using the Affective Lexical Priming Score (ALPS) and the Implicit Association Test (IAT).
To explore the socio-cognitive mechanisms underlying implicit attitude formation and change.

Main Methods:

Utilized the Affective Lexical Priming Score (ALPS) to measure implicit racial attitudes.
Collected pre- and post-election data from US and Canadian student participants.
Compared attitude shifts between US and non-US participants.

Main Results:

US students showed a shift from negative to positive associations with black faces post-election.
Canadian students did not exhibit a similar shift in implicit racial attitudes.
The findings suggest the 2008 election may have temporarily altered implicit racial attitudes in the US.

Conclusions:

The 2008 US election may have temporarily influenced implicit racial attitudes, particularly in US participants.
The Affective Lexical Priming Score (ALPS) may capture attitude changes influenced by real-world events differently than the Implicit Association Test (IAT).
Positive media coverage of Barack Obama during the election campaign might explain the observed attitude shifts.