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Update on therapeutic mechanism for bone marrow stromal cells in ischemic stroke
Huan Wan1, Fangqin Li, Lei Zhu
1Department of Neurology, First Hospital and Clinical College, Harbin Medical University, Room 501, Building 3, 23 Youzheng, Harbin, 150001, China.
Insights
Bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) show promise for treating ischemic stroke by differentiating into neural cells and improving neurological deficits. This review explores their mechanisms and optimal delivery for stroke recovery.
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Regenerative Medicine
- Stem Cell Biology
Background:
- Cerebral ischemia causes significant mortality and irreversible neurological deficits, posing a healthcare burden.
- Current treatments like thrombolysis have limitations, leaving many patients with permanent damage.
- Bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs), also known as mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), are multipotent stem cells with self-renewal capabilities.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the molecular mechanisms underlying BMSC efficacy in treating ischemic stroke.
- To discuss the optimal delivery routes for BMSC transplantation in stroke models.
- To highlight the potential of BMSCs in regenerative medicine for neurological disorders.
Main Methods:
- Review of preclinical studies and clinical trials on BMSC transplantation for ischemic stroke.
- Analysis of molecular pathways involved in BMSC differentiation and neuroprotection.
- Evaluation of different BMSC administration routes and their impact on recovery.
Main Results:
- BMSCs can differentiate into neural and vascular cells, contributing to brain repair after stroke.
- Preclinical evidence demonstrates that grafted BMSCs can ameliorate neurological deficits in ischemic stroke models.
- BMSCs exhibit neuroprotective effects and promote recovery through various mechanisms.
Conclusions:
- BMSC transplantation is a promising therapeutic strategy for ischemic stroke, supported by extensive preclinical and clinical data.
- Understanding the molecular mechanisms and optimizing delivery routes are crucial for maximizing BMSC therapeutic potential.
- Further research into BMSC-based regenerative therapies holds significant promise for treating neurological diseases like stroke.
Abstract:
Cerebral ischemia is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the aged population, as well as a tremendous burden on the healthcare system. Despite timely treatment with thrombolysis and percutaneous intravascular interventions, many patients are often left with irreversible neurological deficits. Bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs), also referred to as mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), are a type of nonhematopoietic stem cells which exists in bone marrow mesh, with the potential to self-renew. Unlike cells in the central nervous system, BMSCs differentiate not only into mesodermal cells, but also endodermal and ectodermal cells. Moreover, it has been reported that BMSCs develop into cells with neural and vascular markers and play a role in recovery from ischemic stroke. These findings have fuelled excitement in regenerative medicine for neurological diseases, especially for ischemic stroke. There is now preclinical evidence to suggest that BMSCs grafted into the brain of ischemic models abrogate neurological deficits. Based on the overwhelming evidence from animal studies as well as in clinical trials, BMSC transplantation is considered a promising strategy for treatment of ischemic stroke. The goal of this review is to present an integrated consideration of molecular mechanisms in a chronological fashion and discuss an optimal BMSC delivery route for ischemic stroke.
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