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Related Concept Videos

Autism Spectrum Disorder01:19

Autism Spectrum Disorder

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition marked by persistent deficits in social communication and interaction alongside restrictive and repetitive behaviors or interests. ASD is sometimes accompanied by intellectual impairment.
These core symptoms manifest differently among individuals, ranging from mild to severe. The disorder's complexity extends beyond its clinical presentation, encompassing a diverse range of biological, cognitive, and sociocultural influences.
Management of Insomnia01:19

Management of Insomnia

The sleep cycle, an integral part of human health, consists of several stages with distinct characteristics and functions. It begins with a transition from wakefulness to sleep, known as the light sleep phase, followed by the restorative deep sleep phase, essential for physical recovery and growth. The cycle concludes with the Rapid Eye Movement (REM) phase, characterized by high brain activity and vivid dreaming. Insomnia, a prevalent sleep disorder, involves difficulty falling asleep, staying...
Modeling in Therapy01:26

Modeling in Therapy

Modeling, a key technique in therapy, uses observational learning to help clients acquire and practice new skills by watching therapists demonstrate desired behaviors. This approach, rooted in Albert Bandura's concept of vicarious learning, plays a significant role in therapeutic interventions for various psychological conditions, including social anxiety, ADHD, and depression.
Participant Modeling
Participant modeling involves therapists demonstrating calm and effective behaviors in situations...
Sedatives and Hypnotics Drugs: Miscellaneous Agents01:17

Sedatives and Hypnotics Drugs: Miscellaneous Agents

Sedatives and hypnotics encompass a wide range of substances, each with its unique mechanism of action, uses, and potential adverse effects.
Melatonin congeners like ramelteon (Rozerem) and tasimelteon (Hetlioz) selectively bind to melatonin receptors (MT1 and MT2) and thus mimic the actions of melatonin, a hormone that regulates sleep-wake cycles. Tasimelteon is primarily used for non-24-hour sleep-wake disorder, common in blind patients. They are also used to treat conditions like insomnia...
Nightmares and Night Terrors01:18

Nightmares and Night Terrors

Nightmares and night terrors represent two distinct types of sleep disturbances that differ in timing, characteristics, and the sleeper's recall of the event. Nightmares are vivid, disturbing dreams that usually awaken the sleeper from REM sleep, a stage of sleep where brain activity is high, and dreams are most frequent. Upon awakening, individuals often have detailed recollections of their nightmares, which can include themes of threats to survival, security, or self-esteem.
Nightmares often...
Narcolepsy01:07

Narcolepsy

Narcolepsy is a chronic sleep disorder characterized by pervasive, uncontrolled sleepiness and other sleep disturbances. One of its hallmark symptoms is an abrupt transition to REM sleep upon falling asleep, which causes symptoms typically associated with this phase to occur unexpectedly during wakefulness. These include the following symptoms, which typically last from a minute or two to half an hour.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 7, 2026

Testing Sensory and Multisensory Function in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder
09:13

Testing Sensory and Multisensory Function in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder

Published on: April 22, 2015

Melatonin in autism spectrum disorders.

Daniel A Rossignol, Richard E Frye1

  • 1Rossignol Medical Center, 3800 West Eau Gallie Blvd., Melbourne, FL 32934, USA. rossignolmd@gmail.com.

Current Clinical Pharmacology
|September 21, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Melatonin supplementation improves sleep in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Studies show reduced sleep problems and better daytime behavior with minimal side effects, indicating it

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Pediatrics
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is linked to disrupted melatonin production and circadian rhythms.
  • Individuals with ASD often exhibit lower nighttime melatonin levels compared to neurotypical individuals.
  • Genetic and functional variations in the melatonin pathway are observed in children with ASD.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the evidence for melatonin's role in ASD-related sleep disturbances.
  • To evaluate the efficacy and safety of exogenous melatonin supplementation in ASD.
  • To assess the impact of melatonin on both sleep and daytime behaviors in ASD.

Main Methods:

  • Review of clinical studies and meta-analyses on melatonin supplementation in ASD.
  • Analysis of data on sleep parameters (duration, awakenings, onset latency).

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Strategies for Assessing Autistic-Like Behaviors in Mice

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Testing Sensory and Multisensory Function in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder
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Testing Sensory and Multisensory Function in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder

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Strategies for Assessing Autistic-Like Behaviors in Mice

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  • Assessment of reported effects on daytime behaviors and adverse events.

    • Main Results:

    • Twenty studies show melatonin improves sleep in ASD, including longer sleep duration and reduced awakenings.
    • A meta-analysis confirms significant improvements in sleep duration and onset latency.
    • Melatonin administration is linked to better daytime behaviors and is effective when other treatments fail, with minimal adverse effects.

    Conclusions:

    • Exogenous melatonin is an evidence-based treatment for abnormal sleep parameters in ASD.
    • Further research is needed to determine optimal dosing and timing.
    • Melatonin offers a safe and effective option for managing sleep issues in individuals with ASD.