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Transcranial magnetic stimulation and sleep disorders: pathophysiologic insights
Raffaele Nardone1, Yvonne Höller, Francesco Brigo
1Department of Neurology, Christian Doppler Klinik, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria; Department of Neurology, Franz Tappeiner Hospital, Merano, Italy.
Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) helps reveal brain differences in sleep disorders like restless legs syndrome and narcolepsy. This noninvasive tool aids in understanding disease mechanisms and potential treatments.
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Sleep Medicine
- Neurology
Background:
- Intrinsic sleep disorders' neural mechanisms remain unclear.
- Noninvasive tools are needed to study sleep disorder pathophysiology.
- Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) assesses motor cortex and corticospinal tract function.
Purpose of the Study:
- Review TMS findings in sleep disorders.
- Explore mechanisms of abnormal TMS measures.
- Discuss TMS's diagnostic and therapeutic potential.
Main Methods:
- Review of existing Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) studies.
- Analysis of TMS-induced cortical and corticospinal excitability changes.
- Evaluation of pharmacologic agent effects using TMS.
Main Results:
- Cortical and corticospinal dysfunction identified in various sleep disorders.
- Cortical hyperexcitability in restless legs syndrome.
- Cortical hypoexcitability in obstructive sleep apnea and narcolepsy.
Conclusions:
- TMS is valuable for understanding sleep disorder pathophysiology.
- TMS may offer diagnostic utility.
- Future TMS applications could improve therapeutic strategies.
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