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Related Concept Videos

Bipolar Disorder01:30

Bipolar Disorder

Bipolar disorder is a chronic mental health condition marked by significant mood fluctuations, including episodes of mania and depression. Elevated energy levels, heightened mood or irritability, impulsive behavior, reduced sleep needs, rapid speech, racing thoughts, inflated self-esteem, and distractibility characterize mania. Individuals with bipolar disorder often alternate between depressive and manic states, with periods of emotional stability lasting an average of six months to a year.
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Mania and Antimanic Drugs: Overview

Mania, a psychological condition characterized by elevated mood, increased energy, and reduced sleep need, is part of the bipolar disorder cycle. The exact cause of mania isn't entirely known, but it is thought to be a combination of genetic, environmental, and neurological factors. Bipolar disorder involves alternating manic and depressive episodes. Mood stabilizers like lithium, antipsychotics, and anticonvulsants help manage these episodes. Lithium carbonate is particularly effective as a...
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Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

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Borderline Personality Disorder01:25

Borderline Personality Disorder

Borderline Personality Disorder is a complex and multifaceted mental health condition characterized by pervasive instability in interpersonal relationships, self-image, emotions, and impulse control. This instability manifests in extreme emotional reactions, fear of abandonment, and self-destructive behaviors. The disorder significantly impacts daily functioning, often leading to distress in both personal and professional domains.
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First Impression01:09

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First impressions play a crucial role in social perception, shaping how individuals assess others in professional, academic, and interpersonal contexts. Psychological research highlights the significance of cognitive biases, such as the primacy and recency effects, which influence how people interpret and recall information.The Primacy Effect and Cognitive AnchoringThe primacy effect describes the tendency for initial information to impact judgment disproportionately. When individuals encounter...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 7, 2026

Three Laboratory Procedures for Assessing Different Manifestations of Impulsivity in Rats
09:12

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Published on: March 17, 2019

Pre-attentive information processing and impulsivity in bipolar disorder.

Alan C Swann1, Marijn Lijffijt, Scott D Lane

  • 1Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 1941 East Road, Houston TX 77054, USA.

Journal of Psychiatric Research
|September 24, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Individuals with bipolar disorder show impaired early stimulus detection and response inhibition compared to healthy controls. This reduced sensory gating in bipolar disorder is linked to rapid-response impulsivity, particularly in pre-attentional processing.

Keywords:
AttentionBipolar disorderEvent-related potentialsImpulsive behaviorSensory gating

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04:42

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Published on: May 2, 2025

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychiatry
  • Cognitive Science

Background:

  • Sensory evoked potentials (EP) measure early stimulus responses, reflecting detection and inhibition.
  • These early responses may be linked to impulsivity, a common trait in bipolar disorder.
  • Understanding EP differences in bipolar disorder can illuminate the disorder's neurobiological underpinnings.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare sensory evoked potentials (EP) related to stimulus detection and inhibition between individuals with bipolar disorder and healthy controls.
  • To investigate the relationship between EP measures and impulsivity in bipolar disorder.
  • To explore if EP abnormalities are associated with specific facets of impulsivity.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a paired-click paradigm to measure auditory evoked potentials (P50, N100, P200) in 48 bipolar disorder patients and 48 healthy controls.
  • Assessed impulsivity using questionnaires and laboratory tasks measuring response inhibition and reward delay.
  • Employed general linear models to analyze EP latencies, amplitudes, and gating, controlling for clinical variables.

Main Results:

  • Bipolar disorder patients exhibited lower P50, N100, and P200 amplitudes (S1) and reduced N100/P200 gating compared to controls.
  • In bipolar disorder, P50 S1 amplitude correlated with accurate task performance, while S2 amplitude correlated with impulsive performance and faster reaction times.
  • EP measures were not associated with questionnaire-based or reward-based impulsivity, but P50 S2 amplitude linked to rapid-response impulsivity.

Conclusions:

  • Bipolar I disorder is associated with diminished pre-attentional and early attentional stimulus processing.
  • Impaired pre-attentional response inhibition in bipolar disorder correlates with rapid-response impulsivity.
  • These findings suggest a specific link between electrophysiological measures of response inhibition and impulsivity in bipolar disorder.