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Updated: May 7, 2026

Head Implants for the Neuroimaging of Awake, Head-Fixed Rats
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Cellular resolution functional imaging in behaving rats using voluntary head restraint.

Benjamin B Scott1, Carlos D Brody, David W Tank

  • 1Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA; Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA; Bezos Center for Neural Circuit Dynamics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA.

Neuron
|September 24, 2013
PubMed
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Researchers developed an integrated system for high-throughput behavioral training and cellular-resolution functional imaging in rodents. This novel approach enables precise neural recordings during voluntary head restraint, advancing neuroscience research.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Behavioral Science
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • High-throughput operant conditioning is crucial for studying complex behaviors in rodents.
  • Integrating cellular-resolution functional imaging with behavioral systems is essential for understanding neural dynamics during behavior.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe an integrated two-photon microscope and behavioral apparatus for in vivo imaging.
  • To enable cellular resolution functional imaging of cortical regions during voluntary head restraint in rats.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a system combining a two-photon microscope with a behavioral apparatus for rodent training.
  • Trained rats to voluntarily initiate head restraint periods up to 8 seconds.
  • Utilized a mechanical registration system for precise head repositioning (within microns) between imaging trials.

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  • Recorded calcium-dependent fluorescence transients from GCaMP-labeled cortical neurons.

    • Main Results:

    • Demonstrated the capability of cellular resolution functional imaging during voluntary head restraint.
    • Achieved precise neuronal population imaging across multiple trials due to accurate head repositioning.
    • Successfully recorded neural activity (calcium transients) in GCaMP-labeled neurons.

    Conclusions:

    • The integrated system facilitates high-throughput behavioral training and simultaneous cellular-resolution functional imaging.
    • This approach overcomes limitations of previous head restraint methods for in vivo imaging.
    • The system is compatible with existing high-throughput operant conditioning setups, offering a powerful tool for neuroscience research.