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Related Concept Videos

Schizophrenia01:17

Schizophrenia

Schizophrenia, a term introduced by Swiss psychiatrist Eugen Bleuler in 1911, describes a severe psychological disorder marked by profound disruptions in attention, thought processes, language, emotion, and interpersonal relationships. The core feature of schizophrenia is psychosis — a state characterized by a fundamental detachment from reality. This disconnection manifests through distorted logic, impaired perception, and atypical behavior, severely affecting the lives of those diagnosed.
Psychosis: Pathophysiology of Schizophrenia and Other Psychotic Disorders01:27

Psychosis: Pathophysiology of Schizophrenia and Other Psychotic Disorders

Schizophrenia is a neurodevelopmental disorder whose origins are rooted in complex genetic components. Despite our burgeoning understanding, the pathophysiology of this disorder remains incompletely deciphered.
Researchers have identified genetic factors that increase susceptibility to schizophrenia, underscoring the intricate interplay between genetics and environment in disease development. At the core of schizophrenia's pathophysiology is excessive dopaminergic neurotransmission within the...
Positive Symptoms Schizophrenia: Hallucinations and Delusions01:26

Positive Symptoms Schizophrenia: Hallucinations and Delusions

Schizophrenia is a complex psychiatric disorder characterized by a range of symptoms that significantly impact cognition, behavior, and emotional regulation. Among these, the positive symptoms stand out as they involve the addition or exaggeration of normal mental functions, deviating markedly from typical behavior and perception. Hallucinations and delusions are prominent positive symptoms, each profoundly affecting the individual's experience of reality.
Hallucinations
Hallucinations in...
Visual Agnosia01:12

Visual Agnosia

Visual agnosia is a condition characterized by the inability to recognize visually presented objects despite having normal vision. For instance, a person with visual agnosia can describe the shape and color of an object but cannot identify or name it. This impairment does not affect their visual field, acuity, color vision, brightness discrimination, language, or memory. An example of this condition in a social setting is someone at a dinner party asking for "that silver thing with a round end"...
Positive Symptoms of Schizophrenia: Hallucinations and Delusions01:30

Positive Symptoms of Schizophrenia: Hallucinations and Delusions

Schizophrenia is a complex mental health disorder that can manifest with various positive symptoms, including thought, movement, and behavior disorders. These symptoms significantly disrupt cognitive and motor functions, leading to profound effects on an individual's ability to engage with the world.
Thought Disorders
Disorganized and unusual thought processes mark thought disorders in schizophrenia. One key feature is disorganized speech, where an individual's conversation includes loosely...
Psychological and Sociocultural Causes of Schizophrenia01:29

Psychological and Sociocultural Causes of Schizophrenia

Schizophrenia, a complex psychiatric disorder, has been historically misunderstood. Early psychological theories attributed its origins to childhood trauma and unresponsive parenting. However, contemporary research largely rejects these notions, favoring the vulnerability-stress hypothesis. This model proposes that individuals with a genetic predisposition to schizophrenia may develop the disorder following exposure to significant environmental stressors. Notably, studies on high-risk...

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Related Experiment Video

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Methods to Explore the Influence of Top-down Visual Processes on Motor Behavior
09:49

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Published on: April 16, 2014

Prefrontal cortical dysfunction during visual perspective-taking in schizophrenia.

Shaun M Eack1, Jessica A Wojtalik, Christina E Newhill

  • 1School of Social Work, University of Pittsburgh, United States; Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, United States.

Schizophrenia Research
|September 24, 2013
PubMed
Summary

This study reveals that schizophrenia patients have reduced prefrontal brain activity and connectivity during perspective-taking tasks, impacting social cognition and theory of mind abilities.

Keywords:
Medial prefrontal cortexPerspective-takingSchizophreniaSocial cognitionfMRI

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Psychiatry

Background:

  • Schizophrenia is associated with significant social-cognitive deficits.
  • Impaired perspective-taking and underlying neural mechanisms may underlie these deficits.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate prefrontal brain function and connectivity during visual perspective-taking in schizophrenia patients.
  • To determine the contribution of these neural deficits to higher-order social cognition impairments.

Main Methods:

  • Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used to assess brain activity during a visual perspective-taking task.
  • 20 schizophrenia outpatients and 20 healthy controls participated.
  • Behavioral assessment of theory of mind was conducted post-fMRI.

Main Results:

  • Schizophrenia patients showed hypoactivity in medial prefrontal (anterior cingulate) and orbitofrontal cortices during perspective-taking.
  • Patients exhibited impaired negative connectivity between medial prefrontal and medial-temporal regions.
  • This connectivity deficit fully mediated theory of mind impairments.

Conclusions:

  • Fundamental perspective-taking disruptions are present in schizophrenia.
  • These disruptions in basic social cognition impact higher-order social information processing and theory of mind.