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Related Concept Videos

Precipitation Titration: Endpoint Detection Methods01:19

Precipitation Titration: Endpoint Detection Methods

In argentometric precipitation titrations, endpoints can be detected visually by the Mohr, Volhard, and Fajans methods. In the Mohr method, adding a soluble chromate indicator gives an initial yellow color to the analyte solution. As the titrant is added, the first excess of silver ions forms a red silver chromate precipitate, marking the endpoint. The solution pH should be maintained at about 8 by adding solid CaCO3.
In the Volhard method, a standard excess of AgNO3 is first added to the...
Design Example: Analyzing Capacity Contours for Flood Risk Assessment01:17

Design Example: Analyzing Capacity Contours for Flood Risk Assessment

Flood risk assessment involves careful planning and analysis to ensure the safety of communities near water retention structures. Capacity contours are a vital tool in this process, as they illustrate the potential spread of water at specific levels in a given area. In the context of building a bund across a small valley, these contours play a critical role in evaluating the safety of nearby residential areas.In this example, the bund is intended to store stormwater in the valley. The engineers...
Precipitation Gravimetry01:03

Precipitation Gravimetry

Precipitation gravimetry is based on converting an analyte into a sparingly soluble precipitate, which is separated by filtration and weighed. An ideal precipitate should be pure, insoluble, of known composition, and easily filtered from the reaction mixture.
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Precipitation and Co-precipitation

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Precipitation Processes

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Design Example: Design of an Irrigation Channel

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Continuous Instream Monitoring of Nutrients and Sediment in Agricultural Watersheds
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Estimating subcatchment runoff coefficients using weather radar and a downstream runoff sensor.

Malte Ahm1, Søren Thorndahl, Michael R Rasmussen

  • 1Aalborg University, Department of Civil Engineering, Denmark

Water Science and Technology : a Journal of the International Association on Water Pollution Research
|September 24, 2013
PubMed
Summary

This study shows how to estimate urban runoff coefficients using weather radar and flow data. The method accurately identifies runoff characteristics for individual subcatchments within a drainage area.

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Area of Science:

  • Hydrology
  • Environmental Engineering
  • Urban Water Management

Background:

  • Urban drainage systems require accurate runoff coefficient estimation for effective design and management.
  • Traditional methods often lack the spatial resolution to capture subcatchment variability.
  • High-resolution precipitation data is crucial for understanding localized runoff responses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and demonstrate a novel method for estimating runoff coefficients at the subcatchment level in urban areas.
  • To leverage the spatial variability of rainfall data for improved hydrological analysis.
  • To validate the proposed method using real-world data from an urban drainage catchment.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing high-resolution weather radar data to map spatial precipitation distribution.
  • Employing downstream flow measurements from runoff sensors.
  • Combining radar-derived rainfall data with flow data to derive subcatchment runoff coefficients.
  • Case study application in a 678 ha urban drainage catchment in Aarhus, Denmark.

Main Results:

  • Successful estimation of runoff coefficients for individual urban subcatchments.
  • Demonstration of the method's efficacy in capturing spatial rainfall variability impacts.
  • Validation of the approach using concurrent rainfall and runoff measurements.
  • Quantification of subcatchment-specific hydrological responses.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed method effectively estimates urban subcatchment runoff coefficients.
  • High-resolution weather radar data combined with flow measurements offers a powerful tool for urban hydrology.
  • This approach enhances the understanding and management of urban drainage systems.