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Related Concept Videos

Esophageal Achalasia01:27

Esophageal Achalasia

Esophageal achalasia is a chronic neurogenic disorder characterized by impaired relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) and absent or ineffective peristalsis in the distal esophagus. This leads to a functional obstruction without a physical blockage, despite significant disruption of esophageal motility.EtiologyAchalasia is caused by degeneration of the myenteric (Auerbach's) plexus, specifically the loss of inhibitory ganglion cells that produce vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP)...
Esophageal Perforation-I: Introduction01:22

Esophageal Perforation-I: Introduction

Esophageal perforation is a severe medical condition characterized by a breach in the integrity of the esophageal wall. This breach can occur due to various factors such as trauma, medical procedures, or underlying diseases. When the esophageal wall is compromised, it allows food, fluids, and digestive juices into the chest cavity or adjacent structures, leading to potential complications and health risks.
The location of esophageal perforation can vary, occurring anywhere along the esophagus.
Hiatal Hernia01:25

Hiatal Hernia

A hiatal hernia is the abnormal protrusion of the stomach or other abdominal organs through the esophageal hiatus of the diaphragm into the thoracic cavity.Normally, the gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) lies below the diaphragm and is supported by the phrenoesophageal membrane, the diaphragmatic crura, and connective tissues. Weakening of these structures—due to aging, congenital defects like a short esophagus, or increased intra-abdominal pressure from coughing, obesity, pregnancy, or heavy...
Esophageal Perforation-II: Clinical Manifestations and Management01:28

Esophageal Perforation-II: Clinical Manifestations and Management

Esophageal perforations manifest in various clinical forms, influenced by factors such as the perforation's cause and location (cervical, intrathoracic, or intra-abdominal), the extent of contamination, and potential injury to adjacent mediastinal structures. The timing between the perforation occurrence and treatment initiation also affects the clinical presentation.
Clinical Manifestations:
Esophageal Strictures-II: Clinical Features and Management01:26

Esophageal Strictures-II: Clinical Features and Management

Patients with esophageal strictures often experience a range of symptoms. Initially, they may have difficulty swallowing solid foods, which can progress to include liquids. Additional symptoms may involve chest pain or discomfort, regurgitating food and fluids, heartburn, unintentional weight loss, coughing or choking during meals, and hoarseness.
Healthcare providers should gather a comprehensive medical history and conduct a physical examination for diagnosis. If esophageal stricture is...
Esophageal Strictures-I: Introduction01:30

Esophageal Strictures-I: Introduction

Esophageal strictures involve abnormal narrowing or tightening of the esophagus. They vary in length and severity, ranging from mild constriction to complete obstruction, and are classified as benign (noncancerous) or malignant (cancerous).
Etiology
The primary cause of esophageal strictures is long-standing gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), accounting for about 70 to 80% of adult cases. Chronic acid reflux can lead to injury and scarring of the esophageal lining, culminating in...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 7, 2026

An Ivor Lewis Esophagectomy Designed to Minimize Anastomotic Complications and Optimize Conduit Function
09:40

An Ivor Lewis Esophagectomy Designed to Minimize Anastomotic Complications and Optimize Conduit Function

Published on: April 17, 2020

Long-gap oesophageal atresia.

L Spitz1, E M Kiely, D P Drake

  • 1Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK.

Pediatric Surgery International
|September 24, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Management of long-gap esophageal atresia involves various surgical options. Gastric transposition is preferred for some types, while delayed primary anastomosis and tension primary anastomosis show promise, with replacement procedures yielding high success rates.

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Laparoscopic Repair of Para-Esophageal Hernia Using Absorbable Biosynthetic Mesh
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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 7, 2026

An Ivor Lewis Esophagectomy Designed to Minimize Anastomotic Complications and Optimize Conduit Function
09:40

An Ivor Lewis Esophagectomy Designed to Minimize Anastomotic Complications and Optimize Conduit Function

Published on: April 17, 2020

Laparoscopic Repair of Para-Esophageal Hernia Using Absorbable Biosynthetic Mesh
10:52

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Endoscopic Vacuum Therapy for the Treatment of Anastomotic Leakage after Total Gastrectomy with Esophagojejunostomy
04:05

Endoscopic Vacuum Therapy for the Treatment of Anastomotic Leakage after Total Gastrectomy with Esophagojejunostomy

Published on: August 22, 2025

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Surgery
  • Gastroenterology
  • Neonatal Care

Background:

  • Long-gap esophageal atresia (LGEA) presents significant management challenges in infants.
  • Surgical strategies aim to restore esophageal continuity and function.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and compare different management options for LGEA.
  • To evaluate the outcomes of various surgical approaches in a cohort of infants.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of 89 infants treated for LGEA.
  • Comparison of outcomes for esophageal replacement (gastric transposition) versus primary anastomosis techniques.

Main Results:

  • Esophageal replacement via gastric transposition was preferred for isolated atresia and distal atresia with proximal fistula.
  • Delayed primary anastomosis (6-12 weeks) was attempted.
  • Primary anastomosis with tension and mechanical ventilation showed success in 39 infants, with low disruption rates but high stricture (72%) and reflux (54%) rates.
  • Esophageal replacement had a low mortality rate (1/43), with gastric transposition showing excellent results (85%-90% satisfactory outcomes).

Conclusions:

  • Gastric transposition is a successful esophageal replacement strategy for LGEA.
  • Primary anastomosis, while feasible, is associated with significant long-term complications like strictures and reflux.
  • Optimizing surgical techniques for LGEA is crucial for improving patient outcomes.