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Related Concept Videos

The JAK-STAT Signaling Pathway01:20

The JAK-STAT Signaling Pathway

Several cytokine receptors have tightly bound Janus kinase or JAK proteins attached at their cytosolic tail. Small signaling molecules such as cytokines, growth hormones, or prolactins bind to the cytokine receptors and initiate their dimerization. The dimerization brings the cytosolic JAKs together that trans-phosphorylate and activates each other. The activated JAKs now phosphorylate cytosolic tails of the cytokine receptors, which serve as binding sites for adaptor proteins such as  SH2...
cAMP-dependent Protein Kinase Pathways01:25

cAMP-dependent Protein Kinase Pathways

Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate (cAMP) is an essential second messenger that activates protein kinase A (PKA) and regulates various biological processes. A single epinephrine molecule binds to GPCR and activates several heterotrimeric G proteins, each stimulating multiple adenylyl cyclase, amplifying the signal, and synthesizing large numbers of cAMP molecules. Small changes in cAMP concentration affect PKA activity. The binding of four cAMP molecules induces a conformational change in PKA,...
Amplifying Signals via Enzymatic Cascade01:22

Amplifying Signals via Enzymatic Cascade

When a ligand binds to a cell-surface receptor, the receptor's intracellular domain changes shape, which may either activate its enzyme function or allow its binding to other molecules. The initial signal is amplified by most signal transduction pathways. This means that a single ligand molecule can activate multiple molecules of a downstream target. Proteins that relay a signal are most commonly phosphorylated at one or more sites, activating or inactivating the protein. Kinases catalyze the...
Interactions Between Signaling Pathways01:19

Interactions Between Signaling Pathways

Signaling cascades usually lack linearity. Multiple pathways interact and regulate one another, allowing cells to integrate and respond to diverse environmental stimuli.
Convergence and divergence, and cross-talk between signaling pathways
Two distinct signaling pathways can converge on a single functional unit, which may either be a single protein or a complex of proteins. The response is either functionally distinct or synergistic between the two pathways but different from the response...
IP3/DAG Signaling Pathway01:11

IP3/DAG Signaling Pathway

Membrane lipids such as phosphatidylinositol (PI) are precursors for several membrane-bound and soluble second messengers. Specific kinases phosphorylate PI and produce phosphorylated inositol phospholipids. One such inositol phospholipids are the  phosphatidylinositol-4,5 bisphosphate [PI(4,5)P2], present in the inner half of the lipid bilayer. Upon ligand binding, GPCR stimulates Gq proteins to turn on phospholipase Cꞵ. Activated phospholipase Cꞵ cleaves PI(4,5)P2 and produces two-second...
MAPK Signaling Cascades01:07

MAPK Signaling Cascades

Mitogen-activated protein kinase, or MAPK pathway, activates three sequential kinases to regulate cellular responses such as proliferation, differentiation, survival, and apoptosis. The canonical MAPK pathway starts with a mitogen or growth factor binding to an RTK. The activated RTKs stimulate Ras, which recruits Raf or MAP3 Kinase (MAPKKK), the first kinase of the MAPK signaling cascade. Raf further phosphorylates and activates MEK or MAP2 Kinases (MAPKK), which in turn phosphorylates MAP...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 7, 2026

Time-resolved Förster Resonance Energy Transfer Assays for Measurement of Endogenous Phosphorylated STAT Proteins in Human Cells
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Time-resolved Förster Resonance Energy Transfer Assays for Measurement of Endogenous Phosphorylated STAT Proteins in Human Cells

Published on: September 9, 2021

Evolution of the JAK-STAT pathway.

Clifford Liongue1, Alister C Ward

  • 1School of Medicine and Strategic Research Centre in Molecular & Medical Research; Deakin University; Geelong, VIC Australia.

JAK-STAT
|September 24, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The JAK-STAT pathway evolved from basic building blocks to orchestrate cellular responses to external signals. This review details its evolutionary journey and functional diversification.

Keywords:
JAKSHPSOCSSTATevolution

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Last Updated: May 7, 2026

Time-resolved Förster Resonance Energy Transfer Assays for Measurement of Endogenous Phosphorylated STAT Proteins in Human Cells
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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Cell Signaling
  • Evolutionary Biology

Background:

  • The Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK-STAT) pathway is crucial for cellular communication.
  • It rapidly transmits signals from cytokine receptors to the nucleus.
  • Understanding its evolutionary origins is key to comprehending its diverse functions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the evolutionary history of the JAK-STAT pathway.
  • To trace the origins of its constituent domains and components.
  • To explain how this pathway is assembled and adapted for various signaling roles.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of evolutionary and molecular biology studies.
  • Analysis of domain origins and protein assembly.
  • Examination of pathway reiteration in different cellular contexts.

Main Results:

  • The JAK-STAT pathway evolved through the modular assembly of ancestral domains.
  • Specific components were formed and integrated into a functional signaling cascade.
  • The basic pathway architecture was repeatedly utilized and modified for diverse downstream signaling.

Conclusions:

  • The JAK-STAT pathway's evolution is a story of modularity and adaptation.
  • Its intricate structure facilitates rapid and precise responses to extracellular cues.
  • Understanding its evolutionary trajectory provides insights into cytokine receptor signaling.