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Updated: May 7, 2026

Monitoring Conformational Dynamics of Single Unmodified Proteins using Plasmonic Nanotweezers
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Controlling subnanometer gaps in plasmonic dimers using graphene.

Jan Mertens1, Anna L Eiden, Daniel O Sigle

  • 1NanoPhotonics Centre, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge , Cambridge, CB3 0HE, United Kingdom.

Nano Letters
|September 25, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

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Graphene spacers enable stable subnanometer gaps for enhanced plasmonics. Optical measurements reveal charge-transfer-sensitive gap plasmons in layered systems, allowing graphene gating for plasmon tuning.

Area of Science:

  • Plasmonics
  • Nanotechnology
  • Condensed Matter Physics

Background:

  • Graphene's unique electronic properties make it a promising material for nanoscale device applications.
  • Plasmonic field enhancements are crucial for various optical and sensing technologies.
  • Subnanometer gaps are essential for maximizing plasmonic coupling and field enhancement.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the use of graphene as a spacer for creating stable subnanometer gaps between gold nanoparticles and a gold substrate.
  • To explore the plasmonic coupling and spectral properties of gold nanoparticles on graphene layers.
  • To demonstrate the tunability of plasmonic resonances through electrical gating of graphene.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of a substrate with gold nanoparticles separated from a gold substrate by a single or multiple layers of graphene.

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  • White light spectroscopy of single gold nanoparticles to analyze plasmonic coupling and spectral features.
  • Electrical gating of the graphene layer to modulate the electronic properties and observe changes in plasmon resonance.

    • Main Results:

    • A robust, repeatable, and stable subnanometer gap was achieved using graphene as a spacer, leading to massive plasmonic field enhancements.
    • Spectral doublets indicative of coupled dimer modes, shifted to the near-infrared, were observed for single graphene layers due to charge-transfer-sensitive gap plasmons.
    • These spectral features disappeared with an increasing number of graphene layers, and plasmon tuning was demonstrated via graphene gating.

    Conclusions:

    • Graphene serves as an effective spacer for creating tunable plasmonic nanostructures.
    • Optical measurements of graphene-plasmon coupling can provide insights into the out-of-plane conductivity of layered materials.
    • Electrical gating of graphene offers a direct method for controlling and tuning plasmon resonances in such systems.