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Related Concept Videos

Encephalitis l: Introduction01:19

Encephalitis l: Introduction

Encephalitis is inflammation of the brain parenchyma, most often due to infections or autoimmune processes. It presents with neuropsychiatric features such as fever, altered mental status, behavioral changes, cognitive dysfunction, seizures, focal deficits, and sometimes autonomic instability. In some cases, the meninges are also involved, resulting in meningoencephalitis.Infectious CausesInfectious encephalitis is most commonly viral but can also result from bacterial, fungal, or parasitic...
Encephalitis ll: Pathophysiology01:26

Encephalitis ll: Pathophysiology

Encephalitis is inflammation of the brain parenchyma caused by direct viral invasion or immune-mediated mechanisms triggered by infections or tumors. Both processes lead to neuronal injury, disrupted neurotransmission, and diverse neurological symptoms, often with overlapping clinical and pathological features.Autoimmune EncephalitisIn autoimmune encephalitis, antibodies target neuronal antigens on cell surfaces, synapses, or within neurons. A key example is anti-NMDAR encephalitis, which can...
Arboviral Encephalitis01:25

Arboviral Encephalitis

Arboviral encephalitis refers to brain inflammation caused by arthropod-borne viruses, particularly those transmitted through mosquito vectors. Among these, West Nile virus (WNV), a member of the Flaviviridae family, is a significant public health concern. WNV is an enveloped, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA virus. Human infection typically begins when an infected mosquito introduces the virus into the dermis during feeding. The primary transmission cycle involves birds as amplifying hosts...
Cerebral Edema ll: Pathophysiology01:22

Cerebral Edema ll: Pathophysiology

Vasogenic edema is a major form of cerebral edema characterized by abnormal accumulation of fluid in the brain’s extracellular space due to disruption of the blood–brain barrier (BBB). The BBB is a specialized structure composed of endothelial cells connected by tight junctions, supported by astrocytic endfeet and a basement membrane. Under normal conditions, it tightly regulates the movement of ions, proteins, and solutes between the bloodstream and brain parenchyma. When this barrier loses...
Viral Meningitis01:18

Viral Meningitis

Viral meningitis is the most common form of meningitis and is often referred to as aseptic meningitis to indicate the absence of bacterial involvement. It is generally milder than bacterial meningitis, with symptoms including fever, headache, stiff neck, drowsiness, nausea, photophobia, and vomiting. Rarely, more severe manifestations or death may occur. Common causative agents include enteroviruses, particularly coxsackie A and B viruses and echoviruses, all members of the Enterovirus genus...
Cerebral Edema l: Introduction01:19

Cerebral Edema l: Introduction

Cerebral edema is a pathological increase in brain water content that disrupts intracranial pressure regulation and impairs neurological function. Because the cranial vault is rigid, even modest increases in tissue volume can compromise cerebral perfusion, distort neural structures, and initiate secondary injury. Cerebral edema develops through four principal mechanisms: vasogenic, cytotoxic, interstitial, and ionic.Vasogenic EdemaVasogenic edema arises from disruption of the blood–brain...

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A Murine Model of Dengue Virus-induced Acute Viral Encephalitis-like Disease
04:23

A Murine Model of Dengue Virus-induced Acute Viral Encephalitis-like Disease

Published on: April 28, 2019

Dengue encephalitis associated with hydrocephalus. A case report.

R B Kamble1, N K Venkataramana, C N Raghunath

  • 1BGS Global Hospital; Bangalore, Karnataka India - drravindra31@rediffmail.com.

The Neuroradiology Journal
|September 25, 2013
PubMed
Summary

This case study details dengue encephalitis affecting the thalamus and cerebellum, causing hydrocephalus. The patient experienced a full recovery after prompt medical intervention.

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A Murine Model of Dengue Virus-induced Acute Viral Encephalitis-like Disease
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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Virology

Background:

  • Dengue virus infection can cause severe neurological complications.
  • Encephalitis is a rare but serious manifestation of dengue fever.
  • Bilateral thalamus and cerebellum involvement presents unique diagnostic and management challenges.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report a rare case of dengue encephalitis with specific neuroanatomical involvement.
  • To highlight the clinical presentation and management of cerebellar mass effect secondary to dengue encephalitis.
  • To emphasize the importance of considering dengue in the differential diagnosis of encephalitis in endemic areas.

Main Methods:

  • Case report detailing clinical history, neuroimaging findings, and management.
  • Review of relevant literature on dengue encephalitis and thalamic/cerebellar involvement.

Main Results:

  • A patient presented with dengue encephalitis involving bilateral thalamus and cerebellum.
  • Cerebellar mass effect necessitated cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) drainage to manage hydrocephalus.
  • Complete neurological recovery was observed following treatment.

Conclusions:

  • Dengue encephalitis can manifest with significant cerebellar involvement and mass effect.
  • Timely intervention, including CSF drainage, can lead to favorable outcomes.
  • This case underscores the diverse neurological spectrum of dengue virus infection.