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Related Concept Videos

Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity01:26

Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity

An antigen is any substance the immune system identifies as foreign and potentially harmful to the body, prompting an immune response. Antigens have two functional properties: immunogenicity and reactivity. Immunogenicity is the ability of an antigen to stimulate a specific immune response. At the same time, reactivity describes the antigen's ability to react with the cells and antibodies produced in response to it.
Complete Antigens
Complete antigens possess both immunogenicity and reactivity.

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[Enhanced SEC2 mutants and their superantigen activities].

Guojun Zhang1, Mingkai Xu, Jian Sun

  • 1Institute of Applied Ecology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning, China.

Sheng Wu Gong Cheng Xue Bao = Chinese Journal of Biotechnology
|September 26, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Engineered superantigen protein mutants (ST-1, ST-2, ST-3) show enhanced immune activation and tumor inhibition. These modified Staphylococcal enterotoxin C2 (SEC2) variants exhibit improved lymphocyte proliferation and cytokine secretion for potential therapeutic applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Protein Engineering
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • Staphylococcal enterotoxin C2 (SEC2) is a superantigen protein with potent immune-activating properties.
  • SEC2's ability to activate immune cells at low concentrations suggests potential in adjuvant therapy for tumors and infectious diseases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To enhance the superantigen activity of Staphylococcal enterotoxin C2 (SEC2).
  • To investigate the effects of specific residue substitutions on SEC2's biological functions.

Main Methods:

  • Site-directed mutagenesis using overlap PCR to substitute residues 102-106 of SEC2 with WWH, WWT, and WWP, creating mutants ST-1, ST-2, and ST-3.
  • Assays to evaluate murine lymphocyte proliferation, tumor cell growth inhibition, and febrile activity.
  • Measurement of cytokine secretion (IL-2, IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha) and T-cell receptor (TCR) Vbeta gene transcription.

Main Results:

  • SEC2 mutants ST-1, ST-2, and ST-3 demonstrated significantly improved stimulation of murine lymphocytes and inhibition of tumor cell growth compared to native SEC2.
  • ST-2 exhibited markedly increased febrile activity, while ST-1 and ST-3 were comparable to native SEC2.
  • Mutants significantly increased secretion of IL-2, IFN-gamma, and TNF-alpha, and dramatically enhanced mVbeta8.2 gene transcription in murine splenocytes, indicating increased affinity to TCR mVbeta8.2.

Conclusions:

  • The engineered SEC2 mutants possess enhanced superantigen activity, likely due to increased affinity to TCR mVbeta8.2.
  • Improved immune cell stimulation and cytokine production correlate with enhanced anti-tumor effects.
  • These modified superantigens hold promise for developing novel immunotherapies against cancer and infectious diseases.