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Related Concept Videos

Multiple Sclerosis l: Introduction01:19

Multiple Sclerosis l: Introduction

Multiple sclerosis is a chronic autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that affects the brain, spinal cord, and optic nerves. It is an inflammatory demyelinating disorder and a leading cause of neurological disability in young adults.EpidemiologyMS commonly begins between 20 and 40 years of age and is twice as common in women. Its exact cause remains unclear, but genetic susceptibility contributes, with higher risk in first-degree relatives and identical twins. A greater...
Long-term Potentiation01:25

Long-term Potentiation

Long-term potentiation, or LTP, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTP is the process of synaptic strengthening that occurs over time between pre and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic strengthening of LTP works in opposition to the synaptic weakening of long-term depression (LTD) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
Hebbian LTP
LTP can occur when presynaptic neurons...
Long-term Potentiation01:35

Long-term Potentiation

Long-term potentiation, or LTP, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTP is the process of synaptic strengthening that occurs over time between pre- and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic strengthening of LTP works in opposition to the synaptic weakening of long-term depression (LTD) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 7, 2026

A Method of Trigonometric Modelling of Seasonal Variation Demonstrated with Multiple Sclerosis Relapse Data
10:46

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Published on: December 9, 2015

Functional relapses in pediatric multiple sclerosis.

Cristina Fernández Carbonell1, Leslie Benson1, David Rintell2

  • 1Partners Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center, Department of Child Neurology Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.

Journal of Child Neurology
|September 26, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Pediatric multiple sclerosis (MS) relapses can be functional, not just organic. Recognizing these functional relapses in children with MS is crucial to avoid misdiagnosis and overtreatment.

Keywords:
Pediatric multiple sclerosischildren and adolescentsfunctional relapses

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Published on: September 21, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Pediatrics
  • Psychiatry

Background:

  • Multiple sclerosis (MS) in children presents with more frequent relapses than in adults.
  • Diagnosing pediatric MS involves challenges, including distinguishing organic relapses from functional symptoms.

Observation:

  • This report details two pediatric MS cases with inconsistencies between clinical presentation, examination, imaging, and disease progression.
  • These inconsistencies raised suspicion for functional relapses, a phenomenon not previously described in pediatric MS literature.

Findings:

  • Functional relapses may coexist with organic MS relapses in children and adolescents.
  • Atypical disease progression and clinical-diagnostic discrepancies can indicate functional symptoms.

Implications:

  • Raising awareness of functional relapses in pediatric MS is essential for accurate diagnosis.
  • Prompt identification of functional relapses can prevent unnecessary treatment and iatrogenic risks in young patients.
  • Addressing potential underlying psychiatric issues is a critical component of comprehensive care for these patients.