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Related Concept Videos

Racemic Mixtures and the Resolution of Enantiomers02:30

Racemic Mixtures and the Resolution of Enantiomers

A racemic mixture, or racemate, is an equimolar mixture of enantiomers of a molecule that can be separated using their unique interaction with chiral molecules or media. Racemic mixtures are denoted by the (±)- prefix. This ‘optical rotation descriptor’ applies to the whole solution of a racemic mixture rather than a specific stereoisomer. Enantiomers typically have the same physical and chemical properties. Hence, they are not easily separable. However, enantiomers can exhibit different...
Stereoisomerism of Cyclic Compounds02:33

Stereoisomerism of Cyclic Compounds

In this lesson, we delve into the role of ring conformation and its stability, which determines the spatial arrangement and, consequently, the molecular symmetry and stereoisomerism of cyclic compounds. 1,2-Dimethylcyclohexane is used as a case study to evaluate the possible number of stereoisomers. Here, given the multiple (n = 2) chiral centers, there are 2n = 4 possible configurations that lack a plane of symmetry, as the ring skeleton exists in a non-planar chair conformation. In addition,...
Prochirality02:05

Prochirality

The concept of prochirality leads to the nomenclature of the individual faces of a molecule and plays a crucial role in the enantioselective reaction. It is a concept where two or more achiral molecules react to produce chiral products. A typical process is the reaction of an achiral ketone to generate a chiral alcohol. Here, the achiral reactant reacts with an achiral reducing agent, sodium borohydride, to generate an equimolar mixture of the chiral enantiomers of the product. For example, an...
Molecules with Multiple Chiral Centers02:25

Molecules with Multiple Chiral Centers

Molecules that possess multiple chiral centers can afford a large number of stereoisomers. For instance, while some molecules like 2-butanol have one chiral center, defined as a tetrahedral carbon atom with four different substituents attached, several molecules like butane-2,3-diol have multiple chiral centers. A simple formula to predict the number of stereoisomers possible for a molecule with n chiral centers is 2n. However, there can be a lower number where some of the stereoisomers are...
Radical Halogenation: Stereochemistry01:33

Radical Halogenation: Stereochemistry

Stereochemistry is the study of the different spatial arrangements of atoms in a given molecule. The stereochemistry of radical halogenations can be understood from three different situations:
Halogenation to form a new chiral center:
Phase Contrast and Differential Interference Contrast Microscopy01:26

Phase Contrast and Differential Interference Contrast Microscopy

Phase-Contrast Microscopes
In-phase-contrast microscopes, interference between light directly passing through a cell and light refracted by cellular components is used to create high-contrast, high-resolution images without staining. It is the oldest and simplest type of microscope that creates an image by altering the wavelengths of light rays passing through the specimen. Altered wavelength paths are created using an annular stop in the condenser. The annular stop produces a hollow cone of...

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Updated: May 7, 2026

Coulomb Explosion Imaging as a Tool to Distinguish Between Stereoisomers
08:51

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Published on: August 18, 2017

A new method for separating configurational and constitutional chiralities using diffuse reflectance circular

Takunori Harada1, Taku Nakano, Hiroshi Moriyama

  • 1Fukuoka University, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, 8-19-1, Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan.

Applied Spectroscopy
|September 27, 2013
PubMed
Summary

This study explores solid-state chiral chemistry using diffuse reflectance circular dichroism and X-ray crystallography. It investigates the origins of chirality and methods for separating complex circular dichroism signals.

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Last Updated: May 7, 2026

Coulomb Explosion Imaging as a Tool to Distinguish Between Stereoisomers
08:51

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Published on: August 18, 2017

Spatial Separation of Molecular Conformers and Clusters
10:37

Spatial Separation of Molecular Conformers and Clusters

Published on: January 9, 2014

Novel Techniques for Observing Structural Dynamics of Photoresponsive Liquid Crystals
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Novel Techniques for Observing Structural Dynamics of Photoresponsive Liquid Crystals

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Area of Science:

  • Solid-state chemistry
  • Chiral analysis
  • Spectroscopy

Background:

  • Solid-state chiral chemistry is crucial for enantiomer production, recognition, and detection.
  • Understanding molecular and supramolecular origins of chirality is key.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate the origin of chiral properties in solid-state compounds.
  • Explore the separation of independent circular dichroism (CD) signals from superimposed signals.
  • Combine diffuse reflectance circular dichroism (DRCD) with powder X-ray crystallography.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a novel diffuse reflectance circular dichroism (DRCD) technique.
  • Employed powder X-ray crystallographic analysis.
  • Analyzed chiral properties at molecular and supramolecular levels.

Main Results:

  • Successfully investigated the origins of chirality in solid-state systems.
  • Demonstrated the possibility of separating independent CD signals.
  • Differentiated signals arising from distinct chiral origins.

Conclusions:

  • The combined DRCD and X-ray crystallography approach is effective for analyzing solid-state chirality.
  • This method allows for the deconvolution of complex CD spectra.
  • Provides insights into molecular and supramolecular contributions to chirality.