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Related Concept Videos

Rolling With Slipping01:14

Rolling With Slipping

Rolling with slipping is a physical phenomenon that occurs when a rolling object experiences both rotational and linear motion but also experiences frictional forces that cause slipping. This phenomenon can occur in various situations, such as when a tire rolls on a wet road or a ball rolls on a rough surface.
An object's rolling motion is characterized by its rotation around its axis, while linear motion refers to the object's translational motion along a surface. Frictional forces can affect...
Rolling Without Slipping01:09

Rolling Without Slipping

People have observed the rolling motion without slipping ever since the invention of the wheel. For example, one can look at the interaction between a car's tires and the surface of the road. If the driver presses the accelerator to the floor so that the tires spin without the car moving forward, there must be kinetic friction between the wheels and the road's surface. If the driver slowly presses the accelerator, causing the car to move forward, the tires roll without slipping. It is essential...
The JAK-STAT Signaling Pathway01:20

The JAK-STAT Signaling Pathway

Several cytokine receptors have tightly bound Janus kinase or JAK proteins attached at their cytosolic tail. Small signaling molecules such as cytokines, growth hormones, or prolactins bind to the cytokine receptors and initiate their dimerization. The dimerization brings the cytosolic JAKs together that trans-phosphorylate and activates each other. The activated JAKs now phosphorylate cytosolic tails of the cytokine receptors, which serve as binding sites for adaptor proteins such as  SH2...
Joints01:26

Joints

Joints, also called articulations or articular surfaces, are points at which ligaments or other tissues connect adjacent bones. Joints permit movement and stability, and can be classified based on their structure or function.
Structural joint classifications are based on the material that makes up the joint as well as whether or not the joint contains a space between the bones. Joints are structurally classified as fibrous, cartilaginous, or synovial.
Fibrous Joints Are Immovable
The bones of a...
Axial and Appendicular Muscles01:18

Axial and Appendicular Muscles

Skeletal muscles, the key players in our body's movement, can be classified into two groups based on their location and function: axial muscles and appendicular muscles. These classifications reflect the primary roles the muscles play in the body's structure and movement.
Axial Muscles
Axial muscles, situated along the body's midline, are intricately connected to the axial skeleton, which includes the skull, spine, ribs, and sternum. These muscles facilitate facial expressions and play a...
Actin Treadmilling01:18

Actin Treadmilling

Actin filaments undergo polymerization and depolymerization from either end. The polymerization and depolymerization rates depend on the cytosolic concentration of free G-actins. The polymerization rate is generally higher at the plus or barbed end, while the depolymerization rate is higher at the minus or pointed end. At a steady state, critical concentration describes the concentration of free G-actin monomers at which the polymerization rate at the plus end is equal to that of the...

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Related Experiment Videos

ROCKing the JAKs.

Frank Peelman1, Jan Tavernier

  • 1Department of Medical Protein Research; VIB; Ghent, Belgium ; Department of Biochemistry; Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences; Ghent University; Ghent, Belgium.

JAK-STAT
|September 27, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Leptin resistance involves the kinase ROCK1 (Rho-associated coiled-coil-containing protein kinase 1), which phosphorylates JAK2. Deleting ROCK1 in the brain

Keywords:
JAKROCK1RhoASTATcytokineleptinsmall GTPase

Related Experiment Videos

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Endocrinology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Leptin, an endocrine cytokine from white adipose tissue, regulates body weight via hypothalamic arcuate nucleus (ARC) neurons.
  • Leptin signaling primarily utilizes the JAK2-STAT3 pathway to control energy expenditure and food intake.
  • Leptin levels correlate positively with body fat mass.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To comment on the role of Rho-associated coiled-coil-containing protein kinase 1 (ROCK1) in leptin signaling within the hypothalamus.
  • To elucidate the mechanism by which ROCK1 influences JAK2 phosphorylation and subsequent leptin receptor activation.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of a publication by Huang et al. in Nature Neuroscience.
  • Investigating the requirement of ROCK1 for JAK2-STAT3 pathway activation in leptin signaling.
  • Examining the physiological consequences of ROCK1 gene deletion in ARC neurons.

Main Results:

  • Leptin signaling through JAK2 in the hypothalamus necessitates the kinase ROCK1.
  • ROCK1 directly phosphorylates JAK2, a crucial step for leptin receptor-mediated JAK2-STAT3 pathway activation.
  • Gene deletion of ROCK1 in ARC neurons impairs leptin sensitivity, leading to weight gain, hyperphagia, reduced activity, and increased fat accumulation.

Conclusions:

  • ROCK1 is essential for leptin's effects on ARC neurons and body weight regulation.
  • The interplay between ROCK1 and JAK kinases may represent a conserved mechanism across various signaling pathways.
  • Further research is needed to characterize ROCK1 activation mechanisms in neurons.