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Related Concept Videos

Encoding01:19

Encoding

Information enters the brain through encoding, which is the input of information into the memory system. Once sensory information is received from the environment, the brain labels or codes it. The information is then organized with similar information and connected to existing concepts. Encoding occurs through automatic processing and effortful processing.
Automatic processing involves the encoding of details like time, space, frequency, and the meaning of words, usually done without conscious...
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Impact of Schemas

Schemas are cognitive structures that provide a framework for interpreting and organizing social information. They help individuals navigate complex environments by offering expectations about people, events, and behaviors. Schemas influence attention, encoding, and retrieval processes, thereby shaping the entire trajectory of information processing in social contexts.Attention and Cognitive LoadDuring initial attention, schemas function as filters that prioritize schema-consistent information,...
Depth Perception and Spatial Vision01:15

Depth Perception and Spatial Vision

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Role of Hippocampus in Memory01:19

Role of Hippocampus in Memory

The hippocampus, a critical brain structure, plays an essential role in memory processing, particularly in the formation and retrieval of memory. This small, seahorse-shaped region is located within the medial temporal lobe, with one hippocampus in each brain hemisphere. Experimental studies involving lesions in the hippocampi of rats have demonstrated significant impairments in tasks such as object recognition and maze navigation, indicating the hippocampus involvement in both recognition and...
Association Areas of the Cortex01:21

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Association areas are regions of the cerebral cortex that do not have a specific sensory or motor function. Instead, they integrate and interpret information from various sources to enable higher cognitive processes such as memory, learning, and decision-making. Some key association areas include the following:
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 7, 2026

Measuring Attention and Visual Processing Speed by Model-based Analysis of Temporal-order Judgments
13:00

Measuring Attention and Visual Processing Speed by Model-based Analysis of Temporal-order Judgments

Published on: January 23, 2017

The role of spatial attention during spatial encoding.

Preston P Thakral1, Scott D Slotnick

  • 1a Center for Vital Longevity and School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences , University of Texas at Dallas , Dallas , USA.

Cognitive Neuroscience
|October 1, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Spatial attention largely mediates spatial memory encoding. Brain imaging reveals that attending to shapes on the left or right during encoding enhances later memory recall, particularly in visual processing areas.

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Published on: July 5, 2015

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Neuroimaging

Background:

  • Spatial attention plays a crucial role in information processing.
  • Understanding the neural mechanisms of spatial memory encoding is essential.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether spatial attention mediates spatial memory encoding using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI).
  • To examine the relationship between attentional focus during encoding and subsequent memory retrieval.

Main Methods:

  • fMRI was employed to monitor brain activity during encoding and retrieval phases.
  • Participants viewed abstract shapes presented to the left or right of fixation during encoding.
  • Retrieval involved classifying presented shapes as 'old-left', 'old-right', or 'new'.

Main Results:

  • Contralateral subsequent memory effects were observed in extrastriate cortical regions (BA18, BA19), consistent with spatial attention effects.
  • Specifically, encoding-left-hits>encoding-left-misses activated the right extrastriate cortex.
  • Individual-trial modeling indicated that a high percentage of accurately encoded items (79.35% left, 100% right) reflected spatial processing.

Conclusions:

  • Spatial encoding is significantly mediated by spatial attention.
  • While not absolute, attentional processes are a primary driver of successful spatial memory formation.
  • The findings support a model where focused spatial attention enhances the neural representation of to-be-remembered information.