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  3. What Behavioral Relevance Is (not).
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What behavioral relevance is (not).

J Brendan Ritchie1,2, Susan G Wardle2, Maryam Vaziri-Pashkam2,3

  • 1Department of Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, Canada.

Cognitive Neuroscience
|February 24, 2026

View abstract on PubMed

Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study proposes a new framework for understanding visual processing in the occipitotemporal cortex (OTC). It shifts focus from category-selectivity to an ethological approach centered on behavioral relevance.

Keywords:
Category-selectivitybehavioral relevanceneuroimagingoccipitotemporal cortexreal-world scenestasksvision

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Science
  • Visual Perception

Background:

  • The dominant framework for visual function in the occipitotemporal cortex (OTC) is category-selectivity.
  • This framework may not fully capture the complexities of visual processing.
  • An alternative, ethological approach centered on behavioral relevance is proposed.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To argue for a course correction in how the field approaches the organization of visual function in the OTC.
  • To propose a shift from category-selectivity to a behavioral relevance framework.
  • To stimulate discussion on the theoretical and empirical development of a behavioral relevance framework.

Main Methods:

  • This is a discussion article, not an empirical study.
  • It synthesizes existing theoretical perspectives on visual processing in the OTC.
  • It engages with commentaries from colleagues to refine the proposed framework.

    • Main Results:

    • Commentaries highlighted the need to clarify the distinction between the proposed framework and category-selectivity.
    • Commentaries offered valuable suggestions for studying behavioral relevance.
    • The discussion underscores the need for further theoretical and empirical work.

    Conclusions:

    • A framework centered on behavioral relevance offers a promising alternative to category-selectivity for understanding OTC function.
    • Further research is needed to empirically validate and refine this ethological approach.
    • The field requires a paradigm shift towards understanding visual function in terms of its relevance to behavior.