Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones01:20

Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones

Low blood levels of the thyroid hormones — triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) — signal the hypothalamus to release the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). TRH then reaches the pituitary gland and stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH) into the bloodstream.
Upon reaching the thyroid gland, TSH stimulates the follicular cells' active uptake of iodide ions from the blood. The ions diffuse to the apical surface of the cells and are oxidized to iodine. The iodine is then...
Hyperthyroidism I: Introduction01:25

Hyperthyroidism I: Introduction

Hyperthyroidism is a type of thyrotoxicosis characterized by the thyroid gland's overproduction of the thyroid hormones triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). This hormone excess increases the basal metabolic rate and enhances sensitivity to catecholamines.DiagnosisDiagnosis is based on clinical features and biochemical testing. It typically shows suppressed thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels below 0.4 mIU/L, with elevated free T3 and/or T4. Additional tests, including thyroid...
Hyperthyroidism II: Pathophysiology01:27

Hyperthyroidism II: Pathophysiology

Hyperthyroidism is a hypermetabolic state caused by elevated levels of thyroid hormones, triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). It results from dysregulation at the thyroid, pituitary, or immune system level and affects multiple organ systems.PathophysiologyThe most common cause of hyperthyroidism is Graves’ disease, an autoimmune disorder in which antibodies, specifically thyroid-stimulating antibodies (TSAb), a subtype of TSH receptor antibodies (TRAb), bind to and activate TSH receptors...
Hypothyroidism II: Pathophysiology01:23

Hypothyroidism II: Pathophysiology

Hypothyroidism is a disorder characterized by insufficient production of thyroid hormones, which regulate metabolism, energy balance, and multiple organ systems.TypesHypothyroidism is classified based on the level of dysfunction. Primary hypothyroidism results from intrinsic thyroid gland dysfunction, causing reduced hormone production despite normal or increased stimulation. Secondary hypothyroidism arises from inadequate thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) secretion by the pituitary. Tertiary...
Functions of Thyroid Hormones01:18

Functions of Thyroid Hormones

The thyroid hormone (TH) plays a pivotal role in the intricate orchestration of physiological processes, exerting profound effects on development, metabolism, and homeostasis throughout different life stages.
TH is indispensable for the normal development and maturation of the skeletal, muscular, and nervous systems during fetal and childhood growth. It facilitates bone mineral turnover and regulates protein synthesis in developing tissues, contributing significantly to overall growth and...
Graves Disease II: Pathophysiology01:24

Graves Disease II: Pathophysiology

Graves’ disease is an autoimmune disorder characterized by the production of thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSI) that activate TSH receptors, leading to excessive synthesis and release of thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) and resulting in hyperthyroidism.Among all causes of hyperthyroidism, Graves’ disease is the most common and can happen at any age, though it is more frequent in women. It produces a hypermetabolic state with features such as weight loss, tachycardia, tremor, and heat...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Authors' response.

Annals of allergy, asthma & immunology : official publication of the American College of Allergy, Asthma, & Immunology·2026
Same author

Analytical and clinical performance of the updated Elecsys Anti-TPO II assay for the detection of antibodies against thyroid peroxidase to aid in the diagnosis of autoimmune thyroid diseases.

Clinical chemistry and laboratory medicine·2026
Same author

Safety and efficacy of three office-based egg oral immunotherapy protocols.

Annals of allergy, asthma & immunology : official publication of the American College of Allergy, Asthma, & Immunology·2026
Same author

Ethical and equitable considerations when establishing a diagnosis of an inborn error of immunity.

Journal of human immunity·2026
Same author

Vaccine ethics: Balancing individual liberty with protecting the vulnerable.

Annals of allergy, asthma & immunology : official publication of the American College of Allergy, Asthma, & Immunology·2026
Same author

Eosinophilic esophagitis incidence during single and multiple food oral immunotherapy.

Annals of allergy, asthma & immunology : official publication of the American College of Allergy, Asthma, & Immunology·2026
Same journal

Stimulating Thyrotropin Receptor Antibodies Enhance the Expression of Both Thyrotropin Receptors and Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1 Receptors in Fibroblasts.

Thyroid : official journal of the American Thyroid Association·2026
Same journal

Mild Thyroid Eye Disease-The Most Common yet the Least Studied Presentation of Thyroid Eye Disease.

Thyroid : official journal of the American Thyroid Association·2026
Same journal

In Memoriam: Lawrence Crane Wood (1935-2026).

Thyroid : official journal of the American Thyroid Association·2026
Same journal

Trends in Management and Outcomes of Pediatric Hyperthyroidism Over Two Decades.

Thyroid : official journal of the American Thyroid Association·2026
Same journal

Targeted Therapy-Induced Erythrocytosis in Thyroid Cancers: An Underrecognized Safety Signal from a Retrospective Study.

Thyroid : official journal of the American Thyroid Association·2026
Same journal

<i>Retraction Notice:</i> High Iodine Concentration Attenuates <i>RET/PTC3</i> Oncogene Activation in Thyroid Follicular Cells.

Thyroid : official journal of the American Thyroid Association·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Videos

Thyrotropin isoforms: implications for thyrotropin analysis and clinical practice.

Joshua M Estrada1, Danielle Soldin, Timothy M Buckey

  • 11 Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center , Washington, District of Columbia.

Thyroid : Official Journal of the American Thyroid Association
|October 1, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) levels are key for assessing thyroid function. Sometimes, TSH levels measured by immunoassay don't match its biological activity, impacting clinical interpretation.

Related Experiment Videos

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Clinical Chemistry
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Serum thyrotropin (TSH) is the primary marker for thyroid function due to its relationship with thyroid hormones.
  • TSH testing is crucial for screening, diagnosing, and managing primary hypothyroidism.
  • Quantitative immunoassays and cell-based TSH activity assays are used to measure TSH.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the dissociation between serum TSH concentrations and TSH bioactivity.
  • To discuss clinical implications when TSH levels do not correlate with biological activity.
  • To highlight important considerations in TSH analysis.

Main Methods:

  • Review of literature on TSH immunoassays and bioactivity assays.
  • Analysis of cases with discordant TSH concentration and activity results.
  • Discussion of the clinical relevance of TSH measurement discrepancies.

Main Results:

  • Serum TSH concentrations, measured by immunoassays, can occasionally exceed TSH biological activity.
  • Discordance between TSH levels and bioactivity can occur, leading to potential misinterpretation.
  • The relationship between TSH concentration and activity is not always direct.

Conclusions:

  • The review addresses the dissociation between clinical status and serum TSH levels.
  • Clinically significant aspects of TSH analysis, particularly discordant results, are examined.
  • Understanding TSH measurement discrepancies is vital for accurate thyroid function assessment.