Related Experiment Video
Updated: May 7, 2026

GC-based Detection of Aldononitrile Acetate Derivatized Glucosamine and Muramic Acid for Microbial Residue Determination in Soil
Published on: May 19, 2012
A comparison of two alcohol biomarkers in clinical practice: ethyl glucuronide versus ethyl sulfate
R Gregory Lande1, Barbara Marin
1a Walter Reed National Military Medical Center , Bethesda , Maryland , USA.
Abstract:
This study compared the characteristics of two direct alcohol biomarkers, ethyl glucuronide and ethyl sulfate. Both biomarkers were analyzed from urine specimens submitted by 58 active duty service members at Walter Reed National Military Medical Center's Addiction Treatment Service. These 58 individuals, as a result of serial testing, submitted a total of 374 urine specimens for laboratory analysis. Of 374 specimens, the paired tests were most often negative (n = 295, 78.9%).The paired tests were both positive less frequently (n = 38, 10.2%). In an interesting development ethyl sulfate produced more positive results than ethyl glucuronide (n = 32, 8.6%).
Related Concept Videos
Drug Metabolism: Phase II Reactions
Phase II Reactions: Glucuronidation
Bioequivalence of Drugs: Drugs with Multiple Indications
Phase II Reactions: Sulfation and Conjugation with α-Amino Acids
Phase II Reactions: Glutathione Conjugation and Mercapturic Acid Formation
Several distinctive characteristics distinguish glutathione conjugation from other phase II...
Bioequivalence Data: Statistical Interpretation

