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Ultrasensitive surface-enhanced Raman scattering flow detector using hydrodynamic focusing.

Pierre Negri1, Kevin T Jacobs, Oluwatosin O Dada

  • 1Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame , Notre Dame, Indiana, 46556 United States.

Analytical Chemistry
|October 1, 2013
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces a novel surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) flow detector for ultrasensitive, label-free chemical analysis. The device achieves high throughput and sensitivity by using hydrodynamic focusing for enhanced analyte-substrate interaction.

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Area of Science:

  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Spectroscopy
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Label-free, chemical-specific detection is crucial for high-throughput analysis in various applications like flow injection analysis, electrophoresis, and chromatography.
  • Existing methods often lack the sensitivity or speed required for real-time characterization of analytes in flow.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and characterize a novel surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) flow detector for ultrasensitive optical detection on the millisecond timescale.
  • To optimize the detector's performance using hydrodynamic focusing for enhanced analyte-SERS substrate interactions.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized hydrodynamic focusing within a flow channel to confine analyte molecules over a SERS-active substrate.
  • Employed finite element simulations and computational fluid dynamics to optimize flow conditions, including capillary dimensions and flow rate ratios.
  • Validated flow dynamics using fluorescence imaging of rhodamine 6G (R6G) and conducted Raman experiments to assess sensitivity and detection limits.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated ultrasensitive detection with a limit of detection (LOD) of 1 nM for R6G within a linear dynamic range from nanomolar to micromolar concentrations.
  • Achieved millisecond timescale detection with a 50 ms acquisition time.
  • Observed rapid analyte desorption at low concentrations, enabling high-throughput SERS detection and confirming enhanced sensitivity with increased sheath flow rates.

Conclusions:

  • The developed SERS flow detector provides ultrasensitive, label-free, and rapid chemical analysis capabilities.
  • Hydrodynamic focusing significantly enhances analyte-SERS substrate interactions, improving detection sensitivity and efficiency.
  • The system offers advantages over conventional SERS assays, including minimal sample volume requirements and high detection efficiency for high-throughput applications.