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Related Concept Videos

Phase Transitions: Vaporization and Condensation02:39

Phase Transitions: Vaporization and Condensation

The physical form of a substance changes on changing its temperature. For example, raising the temperature of a liquid causes the liquid to vaporize (convert into vapor). The process is called vaporization—a surface phenomenon. Vaporization occurs when the thermal motion of the molecules overcome the intermolecular forces, and the molecules (at the surface) escape into the gaseous state. When a liquid vaporizes in a closed container, gas molecules cannot escape. As these gas phase molecules...
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The experimental conditions in a gravimetric analysis should be optimized to maximize the particle size and purity of the obtained precipitate. Ideally, the concentration of the precipitating reagent should be low with effective stirring to maintain low relative supersaturation for the growth of large crystals. In homogeneous precipitation, the precipitant is slowly generated by a chemical reaction in the solution to avoid local reagent excesses. For example, urea decomposes gradually to...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 7, 2026

Exploring the Effects of Atmospheric Forcings on Evaporation: Experimental Integration of the Atmospheric Boundary Layer and Shallow Subsurface
13:27

Exploring the Effects of Atmospheric Forcings on Evaporation: Experimental Integration of the Atmospheric Boundary Layer and Shallow Subsurface

Published on: June 8, 2015

Simultaneous spreading and evaporation: recent developments.

Sergey Semenov1, Anna Trybala1, Ramon G Rubio2

  • 1Department of Chemical Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE 11 3TU, UK.

Advances in Colloid and Interface Science
|October 1, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study details liquid droplet spreading and evaporation on surfaces, particularly for partial wetting scenarios. A four-stage model for pure liquids, nanofluids, and surfactant solutions was developed and validated.

Keywords:
EvaporationHysteresis of contact angleNanofluidsSurfactant solutionsUniversal behaviourWetting

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Area of Science:

  • Surface Science and Fluid Dynamics
  • Materials Science
  • Physical Chemistry

Background:

  • Understanding droplet behavior on solid substrates is crucial for various applications, including microfluidics, printing, and coatings.
  • Simultaneous spreading and evaporation dynamics are complex, especially for partial wetting liquids with contact angle hysteresis.
  • Existing models often simplify the interplay between spreading and evaporation, necessitating a more comprehensive theoretical framework.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To theoretically and experimentally investigate the simultaneous spreading and evaporation of liquid droplets on solid substrates.
  • To develop and validate a multi-stage model for droplet dynamics, considering pure liquids, nanofluids, and surfactant solutions.
  • To analyze the influence of partial wetting and contact angle hysteresis on droplet behavior.

Main Methods:

  • Theoretical modeling of droplet spreading and evaporation dynamics.
  • Experimental validation using sessile droplets of pure liquids, nanofluids, and surfactant solutions.
  • Analysis of contact angle and droplet base radius evolution over time.

Main Results:

  • A four-stage model for partial wetting droplet dynamics was established: initial spreading, followed by three evaporation stages.
  • For pure liquids and nanofluids, droplet volume to the power of 2/3 decreases linearly with time during the first two evaporation stages.
  • Theoretical predictions for pure liquids were successfully extended to nanofluids and showed concentration-dependent agreement for surfactant solutions.

Conclusions:

  • The developed four-stage model accurately describes the spreading and evaporation of pure liquids and nanofluids on solid substrates.
  • Contact angle hysteresis significantly influences droplet dynamics in partial wetting scenarios.
  • The model provides a robust framework for understanding droplet behavior, with implications for materials science and fluid dynamics applications.