Lower extremity pediatric history and physical examination

Although the pediatric foot and ankle examination is essentially similar to that of the adult patient, there are subtle differences unique to a child's examination. The unique findings are discussed in this article based on the following: weight-bearing examination, gait evaluation, non-weight-bearing examination, vascular examination, neurologic examination, and dermatologic examination for pediatric patients. A comprehensive overview is provided; however, other challenges presented in evaluating children include management of a child's parents and a child's temperament. The setting for an examination and a child's mood must be taken into consideration to ensure a successful outcome.