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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 7, 2026

Modeling Verbal Behavior Deficits with the Stimulus Control Ratio Equation, SCoRE

Modeling Verbal Behavior Deficits with the Stimulus Control Ratio Equation, SCoRE

Published on: May 14, 2019

Going, going, gone? Proactive control prevents the congruency sequence effect from rapid decay.

W Duthoo, E L Abrahamse, S Braem

Psychological Research

|October 1, 2013

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

The congruency sequence effect rapidly decays over time, suggesting reactive control. However, increasing long intervals maintains the effect, indicating proactive control can prevent this decay.

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Area of Science:

Cognitive Psychology
Neuroscience

Background:

The congruency sequence effect (CSE) is a key phenomenon in cognitive control research.
It describes a reduced Stroop effect after incongruent trials.
CSE may stem from proactive (anticipatory) or reactive (response-based) control mechanisms.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the temporal dynamics of the congruency sequence effect.
To differentiate between proactive and reactive control explanations of the CSE.
To examine how inter-trial interval (ITI) length influences the CSE.

Main Methods:

Replication of CSE reduction with increasing ITI in a face-word Stroop task.
Experiment manipulating the proportion of long ITI trials to assess proactive control.
Utilized a face-word Stroop task to measure reaction times and accuracy.

Main Results:

Confirmed rapid decay of the CSE with increasing ITI, supporting reactive control.
Demonstrated that increasing the proportion of long ITIs sustained the CSE.
Findings suggest proactive control mechanisms are involved in maintaining cognitive set.

Conclusions:

The congruency sequence effect is influenced by both proactive and reactive control.
Proactive control can override the typical rapid decay of the CSE.
Temporal dynamics of ITIs are crucial for understanding the interplay of control mechanisms.