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Antifungal Agents

Antifungal Agents

Amphotericin B is a broad-spectrum antifungal agent that exploits structural differences between fungal and mammalian cell membranes. Its amphipathic structure—featuring a hydrophobic polyene-lactone ring and a hydrophilic region containing mycosamine and carboxylic acid groups—enables selective binding to ergosterol, a sterol predominantly found in fungal plasma membranes. This selective interaction underlies the drug’s antifungal activity, although weak binding to cholesterol contributes to...

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Synergism is a useful mechanism where combining two or more drugs is more effective than each constituent used alone. Such combinations are also called supra-additive interactions. The drugs collectively enhance the final therapeutic effect by acting on different targets. Another advantage is that the low dose of each constituent drug is sufficient to achieve the desired effect. This helps reduce the duration of therapy and lower the adverse effects of these drugs.
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The effectiveness of antimicrobial agents depends on various factors influencing their ability to eliminate microbial populations. Larger microbial populations require more time for complete eradication, emphasizing the importance of population size analysis when evaluating antimicrobial efficacy.Microbial resistance to antimicrobial agents varies significantly. Highly resilient microorganisms include endospores, gram-negative bacteria, and non-enveloped viruses, while prions are exceptionally...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 7, 2026

Reduced Itraconazole Concentration and Durations Are Successful in Treating Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis Infection in Amphibians

Reduced Itraconazole Concentration and Durations Are Successful in Treating Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis Infection in Amphibians

Published on: March 14, 2014

Improved efficacy in onychomycosis therapy.

Aditya K Gupta¹, Maryse Paquet

¹Department of Medicine, University of Toronto School of Medicine, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Mediprobe Research, Inc., London, Ontario, Canada.

Clinics in Dermatology

|October 2, 2013

Summary

Improving antifungal treatments for onychomycosis (fungal nail infection) faces challenges like drug access and fungal resistance. Some strategies, like combined therapies, show promise, but more evidence is needed for widespread success.

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Last Updated: May 7, 2026

Reduced Itraconazole Concentration and Durations Are Successful in Treating Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis Infection in Amphibians

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Published on: March 14, 2014

Broth Microdilution In Vitro Screening: An Easy and Fast Method to Detect New Antifungal Compounds

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Published on: February 14, 2018

Area of Science:

Dermatology
Mycology
Pharmacology

Background:

Onychomycosis treatment success is limited by drug penetration, fungal spore presence, and pathogen susceptibility.
Current antifungal therapies often struggle to reach the fungal mass effectively.

Purpose of the Study:

To review strategies aimed at enhancing the efficacy of existing antifungal treatments for onychomycosis.
To evaluate the rationale and evidence supporting these therapeutic strategies.

Main Methods:

Literature review of studies investigating methods to improve antifungal efficacy.
Analysis of evidence for combined oral and topical antifungal therapies.
Assessment of strategies targeting drug access and fungal resistance.

Main Results:

Combined oral and topical antifungal therapies demonstrated improved efficacy in some studies.
Most reviewed strategies lack clear, direct evidence of increased therapeutic success.
Factors limiting treatment success include drug access, conidia presence, and pathogen susceptibility.

Conclusions:

While some combination therapies show potential, robust evidence for enhanced onychomycosis treatment success remains limited.
Further research is needed to validate strategies that overcome challenges in antifungal drug delivery and resistance.