Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview01:24

Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview

Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disease marked by recurrent, unpredictable seizures. These seizures are caused by abnormal electrical discharges in the brain, leading to behavior, sensation, or consciousness alterations. They can also cause transient impairment of awareness, interfering with daily activities.
Various factors can trigger epilepsy, including genetic factors, brain damage, metabolic causes, and unknown etiology. Diagnosis of epilepsy involves electroencephalography (EEG), which...
Antiepileptic Drugs: Potassium Channel Activators01:20

Antiepileptic Drugs: Potassium Channel Activators

Ezocgabine or retigabine, an antiepileptic drug of remarkable efficacy, has revolutionized the management of seizures. It is a potassium channel activator, explicitly targeting the family of Q subtype potassium channels. It enhances the transmembrane potassium currents, regulating neuronal excitability. This action stabilizes the resting membrane potential, a pivotal factor in mitigating the hyperexcitability that characterizes epilepsy.
Ezogabine has gained approval as an adjunctive treatment...
Seizures: Classification01:13

Seizures: Classification

Epilepsy is primarily characterized by unpredictable seizures, either provoked by an identifiable factor, such as injury or illness, or unprovoked, occurring spontaneously without apparent cause.
Seizures are typically classified into two main categories: focal and generalized seizures.
Focal Seizures
Focal seizures originate from specific regions of the brain. These seizures are further sub-classified into two types:
Antiepileptic Drugs: Modulators of Neurotransmitter Release Mediated by SV2A Protein01:20

Antiepileptic Drugs: Modulators of Neurotransmitter Release Mediated by SV2A Protein

Antiepileptic drugs, such as levetiracetam (Keppra) and brivaracetam (Briviact), have emerged as crucial tools in managing epilepsy. These medications exert their therapeutic effects by targeting the synaptic vesicle protein SV2A, a transmembrane glycoprotein primarily found in the brain.
SV2A is a transmembrane glycoprotein located predominantly in the brain, modulating the release of neurotransmitters for neuronal communication. Both levetiracetam and brivaracetam exhibit a high affinity for...
Epilepsy ll: Types01:22

Epilepsy ll: Types

Recurrent seizures, stemming from abnormal electrical activity in the brain, are the defining characteristic of epilepsy, a chronic neurological condition. Because seizure features vary greatly, epilepsy is classified using two systems: by seizure type and by epilepsy syndromes. These classifications enable clinicians to describe seizure patterns and select suitable treatment strategies.I. Classification by Seizure Type1. Focal EpilepsyFocal epilepsy begins in one hemisphere of the brain.
Antiepileptic Drugs: Glutamate Antagonists01:14

Antiepileptic Drugs: Glutamate Antagonists

Glutamate is a fundamental neurotransmitter in the central nervous system, playing a vital role in neuronal communication and various cognitive processes. Glutamate stands as the principal excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain. Its presence is crucial for the communication between neurons, underpinning essential processes such as synaptic transmission, neuronal excitability, and plasticity. These functions are vital for higher-order cognitive processes, including learning and memory. The...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Management of septic shock by pediatric residents: An area for quality improvement.

Archives de pediatrie : organe officiel de la Societe francaise de pediatrie·2023
Same author

c-ANCA-associated vasculitis with predominant CNS demyelination after COVID-19.

Archives de pediatrie : organe officiel de la Societe francaise de pediatrie·2022
Same author

Therapeutic hypothermia in children: Which indications remain in 2018?

Archives de pediatrie : organe officiel de la Societe francaise de pediatrie·2019
Same author

PPP1R21 homozygous null variants associated with developmental delay, muscle weakness, distinctive facial features, and brain abnormalities.

Clinical genetics·2018
Same author

[Management of peripheral facial nerve palsy in children].

Archives de pediatrie : organe officiel de la Societe francaise de pediatrie·2014
Same author

[Acute encephalopathy].

Archives de pediatrie : organe officiel de la Societe francaise de pediatrie·2012

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 7, 2026

Electrophoretic Delivery of γ-aminobutyric Acid (GABA) into Epileptic Focus Prevents Seizures in Mice
07:01

Electrophoretic Delivery of γ-aminobutyric Acid (GABA) into Epileptic Focus Prevents Seizures in Mice

Published on: May 16, 2019

[Vitamin-responsive epilepsies: an update].

B Tabarki1, F Thabet2

  • 1Service de neuropédiatrie, département de pédiatrie, hôpital Militaire, P.O Box 7897, Riyadh 11159, Arabie saoudite.

Archives De Pediatrie : Organe Officiel De La Societe Francaise De Pediatrie
|October 2, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Metabolic disorders can cause epilepsy and other neurological issues. Specific vitamin treatments can improve seizures in rare vitamin-responsive epilepsies.

More Related Videos

Electroconvulsive Seizures in Rats and Fractionation of Their Hippocampi to Examine Seizure-induced Changes in Postsynaptic Density Proteins
09:07

Electroconvulsive Seizures in Rats and Fractionation of Their Hippocampi to Examine Seizure-induced Changes in Postsynaptic Density Proteins

Published on: August 15, 2017

Generation and On-Demand Initiation of Acute Ictal Activity in Rodent and Human Tissue
06:45

Generation and On-Demand Initiation of Acute Ictal Activity in Rodent and Human Tissue

Published on: January 19, 2019

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 7, 2026

Electrophoretic Delivery of γ-aminobutyric Acid (GABA) into Epileptic Focus Prevents Seizures in Mice
07:01

Electrophoretic Delivery of γ-aminobutyric Acid (GABA) into Epileptic Focus Prevents Seizures in Mice

Published on: May 16, 2019

Electroconvulsive Seizures in Rats and Fractionation of Their Hippocampi to Examine Seizure-induced Changes in Postsynaptic Density Proteins
09:07

Electroconvulsive Seizures in Rats and Fractionation of Their Hippocampi to Examine Seizure-induced Changes in Postsynaptic Density Proteins

Published on: August 15, 2017

Generation and On-Demand Initiation of Acute Ictal Activity in Rodent and Human Tissue
06:45

Generation and On-Demand Initiation of Acute Ictal Activity in Rodent and Human Tissue

Published on: January 19, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Metabolic disorders
  • Epilepsy

Context:

  • Inborn errors of metabolism can manifest with complex neurological symptoms, including epilepsy.
  • Metabolic epilepsies can be the primary clinical presentation.
  • Diagnosis of metabolic disorders in epileptic patients offers potential for targeted treatments.

Purpose:

  • To review current understanding of vitamin-responsive epilepsies.
  • To highlight specific metabolic disorders presenting as early encephalopathy with anticonvulsant-resistant seizures.

Summary:

  • Inborn errors of metabolism (IEMs) can present with diverse neurological issues, with epilepsy sometimes being the most prominent symptom.
  • Metabolic epilepsies, particularly rare vitamin-responsive forms, can be treated with cofactor supplementation.
  • Examples include pyridoxine-dependent seizures, pyridoxal-phosphate-dependent seizures, folinic acid-responsive seizures, and biotinidase deficiency.

Impact:

  • Early diagnosis and treatment of metabolic epilepsies can lead to improved seizure control.
  • Specific cofactor supplementation offers a targeted therapeutic approach for certain vitamin-responsive IEMs.
  • Understanding these conditions is crucial for managing complex pediatric neurological presentations.