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Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity

Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity

An antigen is any substance the immune system identifies as foreign and potentially harmful to the body, prompting an immune response. Antigens have two functional properties: immunogenicity and reactivity. Immunogenicity is the ability of an antigen to stimulate a specific immune response. At the same time, reactivity describes the antigen's ability to react with the cells and antibodies produced in response to it.
Complete Antigens
Complete antigens possess both immunogenicity and reactivity.

Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response

Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response

The T and B lymphocytes of the adaptive immune system develop from common lymphoid progenitor cells in the bone marrow. These progenitors give rise to precursors that eventually develop into both T and B lymphocytes. As these precursors mature, they gain the ability to detect and respond to foreign antigens in the body, a process known as immunocompetence. Additionally, these precursors acquire self-tolerance, a process that ensures they do not react to self-antigens. This intricate system...

Special Features of Adaptive Immunity

Special Features of Adaptive Immunity

The adaptive immune system, a crucial component of the overall immune response, offers a highly specialized defense against pathogens. It involves specific cell types and features, enabling it to combat infections effectively and efficiently.
The primary cell types involved in adaptive immunity are T cells and B cells. Each type has a unique role in defending the body against pathogens. T cells are responsible for cell-mediated immunity. They identify and eliminate infected cells directly,...

B Cell Activation and Differentiation

B Cell Activation and Differentiation

The adaptive immune response, a sophisticated defense mechanism, relies on the activation and differentiation of B lymphocytes, or B cells. These processes enable our bodies to mount a tailored response against specific pathogens such as bacteria, free virus particles, toxins, and parasites.
When naive B cells encounter a specific antigen that can bind to the B cell receptor (BCR) on their surface, they undergo sensitization to respond to the antigen's presence. Sensitization begins with...

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...

Targeted Cancer Therapies

Targeted Cancer Therapies

The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
There are several types of targeted therapies against specific...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 7, 2026

Bioprinting of Hydrogel Tumor Slices as a 3D Model for Mantle Cell Lymphoma

Bioprinting of Hydrogel Tumor Slices as a 3D Model for Mantle Cell Lymphoma

Published on: September 12, 2025

Antigens in lymphoma development--current knowledge and future directions.

Richard Rosenquist¹, Frederic Davi, Kostas Stamatopoulos

¹Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.

Seminars in Cancer Biology

|October 2, 2013

Summary

Lymphomas are diverse lymphoid tumors influenced by intrinsic and extrinsic factors. This review explores antigen links, signaling pathways, and novel therapies for lymphoma development and progression.

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Published on: March 5, 2010

Area of Science:

Hematology
Oncology
Immunology

Background:

Lymphomas represent a heterogeneous group of mature lymphoid cell tumors with varied morphology, genetics, and clinical presentations.
Lymphoma development is influenced by both 'cell-intrinsic' factors, such as genomic aberrations, and 'cell-extrinsic' factors, like microenvironmental stimuli.
The precise mechanisms underlying lymphoma evolution remain incompletely understood for many subtypes.

Discussion:

Reviews focus on the direct or indirect roles of antigens in lymphoma development.
Exploration of activated signaling pathways crucial for tumor evolution and progression in lymphomas.
Discussion of management strategies for virus- and bacteria-associated lymphomas.

Key Insights:

Antigenic stimulation and microenvironmental factors are implicated in lymphoma pathogenesis.
Specific signaling pathways are critical for lymphoma cell survival and proliferation.
Novel therapeutic strategies targeting key cellular pathways, such as B-cell receptor inhibitors, show promise.

Outlook:

Future research directions include elucidating complex mechanisms of lymphoma development.
Development of targeted therapies based on specific molecular pathways offers new treatment avenues.
Understanding viral and bacterial roles in lymphoma may lead to improved preventative and therapeutic strategies.