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Related Concept Videos

Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics01:29

Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics

Microorganisms play a fundamental role in vaccine development, gene therapy, and therapeutic production. Their biological properties are harnessed to advance medicine and public health. Beyond immunization, microorganisms contribute to gut health, antibiotic synthesis, and genetic disease treatment.Live Attenuated and Inactivated VaccinesLive attenuated vaccines, such as the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine, utilize weakened forms of pathogens to closely resemble natural infections.
MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA ends...
MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA ends...
siRNA - Small Interfering RNAs02:30

siRNA - Small Interfering RNAs

Small interfering RNAs, or siRNAs, are short regulatory RNA molecules that can silence genes post-transcriptionally, as well as the transcriptional level in some cases. siRNAs are important for protecting cells against viral infections and silencing transposable genetic elements.
In the cytoplasm, siRNA is processed from a double-stranded RNA, which comes from either endogenous DNA transcription or exogenous sources like a virus. This double-stranded RNA is then cleaved by the ATP-dependent...
Human Virome01:26

Human Virome

The human body harbors a vast and diverse viral community known as the human virome. The virome includes bacteriophages that infect bacteria, and eukaryotic viruses that infect human cells. Transient dietary and environmental viruses also contribute to this dynamic ecosystem. Estimates suggest the human body may contain on the order of 10¹³ viral particles, though abundance varies widely by body site and detection method.Comprehensive characterization of the virome has become possible only with...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 7, 2026

MicroRNA Amplification and Recognition through Locked-nucleic-acid In situ Hybridization as a Novel Detection and Quantification Method
09:06

MicroRNA Amplification and Recognition through Locked-nucleic-acid In situ Hybridization as a Novel Detection and Quantification Method

Published on: October 7, 2025

MicroRNAs as novel immunotherapeutics.

Amy B Heimberger1, Mark Gilbert, Ganesh Rao

  • 1Department of Neurosurgery; The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center; Houston, TX USA.

Oncoimmunology
|October 2, 2013
PubMed
Summary

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) show promise as cost-effective anticancer immunotherapeutics by regulating tumor immunosuppression and immune checkpoints. These molecules can potentially enhance therapeutic immune responses against cancer.

Keywords:
cancer stem cellsglioblastoma multiformeimmunosuppressionmicroRNAsregulatory T cellssignal transducer and activator of transcription 3

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Last Updated: May 7, 2026

MicroRNA Amplification and Recognition through Locked-nucleic-acid In situ Hybridization as a Novel Detection and Quantification Method
09:06

MicroRNA Amplification and Recognition through Locked-nucleic-acid In situ Hybridization as a Novel Detection and Quantification Method

Published on: October 7, 2025

Monitoring of Nanodrug Accumulation in Murine Breast Cancer Metastases
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Monitoring of Nanodrug Accumulation in Murine Breast Cancer Metastases

Published on: August 23, 2024

MicroRNA-based Regulation of Picornavirus Tropism
09:05

MicroRNA-based Regulation of Picornavirus Tropism

Published on: February 6, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Immunology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Significant need for affordable and accessible antineoplastic immunotherapies.
  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play a role in regulating immune responses.
  • Tumor-mediated immunosuppression and immune checkpoints are key targets in cancer therapy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the potential of microRNAs (miRNAs) as anticancer immunotherapeutics.
  • To investigate the role of miRNAs in regulating tumor-mediated immunosuppression.
  • To assess the translational potential of miRNAs for cancer treatment.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on miRNAs in cancer immunology.
  • Analysis of miRNA mechanisms in immune checkpoint regulation.
  • Evaluation of miRNA-based therapeutic strategies.

Main Results:

  • MicroRNAs can modulate tumor immunosuppression.
  • Specific miRNAs are involved in regulating immune checkpoints.
  • miRNAs demonstrate potential for inducing therapeutic immune responses.

Conclusions:

  • MicroRNAs represent a promising class of agents for cancer immunotherapy.
  • Targeting miRNAs offers a potential strategy for overcoming tumor immune evasion.
  • Further research into miRNA-based therapies could lead to new anticancer treatments.