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Related Concept Videos

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Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a noninvasive medical imaging technique based on a phenomenon of nuclear physics discovered in the 1930s, in which matter exposed to magnetic fields and radio waves was found to emit radio signals. In 1970, a physician and researcher named Raymond Damadian noticed that malignant (cancerous) tissue gave off different signals than normal body tissue. He applied for a patent for the first MRI scanning device in clinical use by the early 1980s. The early MRI...
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Understanding and evaluating diffusion and perfusion is critical in assessing a patient's respiratory and circulatory health. These processes play key roles in maintaining the body's internal environment, ensuring that tissues receive adequate oxygen while waste products are efficiently removed.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 26, 2025

Author Spotlight: Noninvasive Cerebral Blood Flow Determination in Human Functional Brain Region for Diagnosis of Neurological Disorders
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Author Spotlight: Noninvasive Cerebral Blood Flow Determination in Human Functional Brain Region for Diagnosis of Neurological Disorders

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Arterial input function in perfusion MRI: a comprehensive review.

Fernando Calamante1

  • 1Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia; Department of Medicine, Austin Health and Northern Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.

Progress in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
|October 3, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Dynamic-susceptibility contrast (DSC) MRI measures cerebral blood flow (CBF) using an arterial input function (AIF). This review deeply examines AIF measurement challenges and their impact on DSC-MRI perfusion quantification accuracy.

Keywords:
Arterial input functionCerebral blood flowContrast agentDeconvolutionDynamic susceptibility contrastPerfusion

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroimaging
  • Medical Physics
  • Radiology

Background:

  • Cerebral perfusion, or cerebral blood flow (CBF), is critical for brain physiology.
  • Dynamic-susceptibility contrast (DSC) MRI is the standard method for measuring perfusion.
  • Accurate CBF quantification relies heavily on the arterial input function (AIF).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an in-depth review of the arterial input function (AIF) in DSC-MRI.
  • To explore the challenges and implications of AIF measurement for CBF quantification.
  • To discuss artefacts related to AIF and their impact on DSC-MRI.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on DSC-MRI and AIF quantification.
  • Analysis of AIF measurement techniques and their influence on results.
  • Discussion of common artefacts affecting CBF quantification.

Main Results:

  • The AIF is central to DSC-MRI and linked to major quantification artefacts.
  • Progress has been made in AIF measurement, automation, and artefact avoidance.
  • In-depth understanding of AIF issues is crucial for accurate perfusion imaging.

Conclusions:

  • Addressing AIF challenges is essential for reliable DSC-MRI perfusion quantification.
  • This review offers detailed insights into AIF-related issues in CBF measurement.
  • Improved AIF analysis enhances the diagnostic value of DSC-MRI.