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Longitudinal studies are also widely used in other medical and social science fields. For instance, in cardiovascular research, they can monitor patients' health over decades to identify risk factors for heart disease, such as high cholesterol or smoking, and evaluate the long-term effectiveness of preventive measures. Similarly, in mental health studies, researchers might follow individuals from adolescence into adulthood to understand the development and progression of conditions like...

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A Method for Investigating Age-related Differences in the Functional Connectivity of Cognitive Control Networks Associated with Dimensional Change Card Sort Performance

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Longitudinal differences in cognitive functioning among older adults with and without heart failure.

Jessie Alwerdt¹, Jerri D Edwards, Ponrathi Athilingam

¹University of South Florida, Tampa, USA.

Journal of Aging and Health

|October 3, 2013

Summary

Cognitive function, including memory and processing speed, may decline before heart failure (HF) diagnosis. Older adults with HF experience faster declines in reasoning abilities over time.

Keywords:

cognition heart failure longitudinal random effects models

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Evaluation of the Cognitive Performance of Hypertensive Patients with Silent Cerebrovascular Lesions

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Area of Science:

Gerontology
Neuroscience
Cardiology

Background:

Heart failure (HF) is a growing public health concern, particularly among older adults.
Cognitive impairment is a common comorbidity in HF patients, impacting quality of life.
Understanding the relationship between HF and cognitive decline is crucial for early intervention.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate cognitive function and longitudinal cognitive decline in older adults with and without heart failure (HF).
To compare cognitive performance at baseline and over time across groups with varying HF status.

Main Methods:

Secondary data analysis of the Advanced Cognitive Training for Independent and Vital Elderly study.
Comparison of baseline and longitudinal changes in memory, reasoning, and speed of processing.
Inclusion of participants (N = 2,790 at baseline, n = 692 longitudinally) categorized by HF self-report at baseline, development over time, or no HF.

Main Results:

At baseline, participants with HF performed worse on memory and speed of processing compared to those without HF.
Cognitive function differences were observed even before HF diagnosis.
Longitudinally, participants with HF at baseline showed significant declines in reasoning.

Conclusions:

Cognitive difficulties in memory and processing speed may precede a formal HF diagnosis.
Individuals with HF may experience accelerated declines in reasoning abilities.
Findings suggest a bidirectional relationship between cardiovascular health and cognitive function in aging.