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Updated: May 7, 2026

A Silicon-tipped Fiber-optic Sensing Platform with High Resolution and Fast Response
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Frequency dependence of slab coupled optical sensor sensitivity.

Spencer Chadderdon, Bradley M Whitaker, Eric Whiting

    Applied Optics
    |October 3, 2013
    PubMed
    Summary

    Slab-coupled optical fiber sensors (SCOSs) show frequency-dependent sensitivity due to permittivity. Lithium niobate SCOSs excel at low frequencies, while potassium titanyl phosphate SCOSs are better for high-frequency electric field measurements.

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    Area of Science:

    • Photonics and Sensing Technologies
    • Materials Science

    Background:

    • Slab-coupled optical fiber sensors (SCOSs) are utilized for various sensing applications.
    • The sensitivity of SCOSs can be influenced by material properties and operating frequency.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate and present the frequency-dependent sensitivity of SCOSs.
    • To compare the performance of SCOSs fabricated with potassium titanyl phosphate (KTP) and lithium niobate (LiNbO3) across a range of frequencies.

    Main Methods:

    • Experimental characterization of SCOS sensitivity.
    • Frequency sweep from 1 kHz to 1 MHz.
    • Fabrication of SCOSs using x-cut KTP and x-cut LiNbO3 crystals.

    Main Results:

    • SCOS sensitivity is dependent on operating frequency, primarily due to the relative permittivity characteristics of the sensing materials.

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  • X-cut KTP SCOSs demonstrate 1.55x higher sensitivity than x-cut LiNbO3 SCOSs for electric fields above 300 kHz.
  • X-cut LiNbO3 SCOSs exhibit approximately 3.43x higher sensitivity than x-cut KTP SCOSs for a 10 kHz electric field, owing to their flatter sensitivity response at lower frequencies.

    • Conclusions:

    • The choice between KTP and LiNbO3 SCOSs depends on the target frequency range for electric field sensing.
    • LiNbO3 SCOSs are suitable for low-frequency applications (e.g., 10 kHz) due to stable sensitivity.
    • KTP SCOSs are preferred for high-frequency measurements (above 300 kHz) owing to their enhanced sensitivity in that range.