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Related Concept Videos

Theories of Dissolution: Diffusion Layer Model01:15

Theories of Dissolution: Diffusion Layer Model

Dissolution, the process by which drug particles dissolve in a solvent, is explained by the diffusion layer model, a theoretical framework that simulates the absorption of oral drugs and allows us to analyze experimental data.
This process starts with a thin layer, saturated with the drug, forming at the interface between the solid and liquid. The solute then diffuses from this layer into the main solution. The Noyes-Whitney equation suggests that the rate of dissolution relies on the diffusion...
Theories of Dissolution: The Danckwerts' Model and Interfacial Barrier Model01:09

Theories of Dissolution: The Danckwerts' Model and Interfacial Barrier Model

Various dissolution theories provide insight into the factors that influence the dissolution rate. Danckwerts' Model suggests that turbulence, rather than a stagnant layer, characterizes the dissolution medium at the solid-liquid interface. In this model, the agitated solvent contains macroscopic packets that move to the interface via eddy currents, facilitating the absorption and delivery of the drug to the bulk solution. The regular replenishment of solvent packets maintains the concentration...
Behavior of Gas Molecules: Molecular Diffusion, Mean Free Path, and Effusion03:48

Behavior of Gas Molecules: Molecular Diffusion, Mean Free Path, and Effusion

Although gaseous molecules travel at tremendous speeds (hundreds of meters per second), they collide with other gaseous molecules and travel in many different directions before reaching the desired target. At room temperature, a gaseous molecule will experience billions of collisions per second. The mean free path is the average distance a molecule travels between collisions. The mean free path increases with decreasing pressure; in general, the mean free path for a gaseous molecule will be...
Diffusion01:12

Diffusion

Diffusion is the passive movement of substances down their concentration gradients—requiring no expenditure of cellular energy. Substances, such as molecules or ions, diffuse from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration in the cytosol or across membranes. Eventually, the concentration will even out, with the substance moving randomly but causing no net change in concentration. Such a state is called dynamic equilibrium, which is essential for maintaining overall...
Diffusion01:21

Diffusion

Diffusion is a type of passive transport. In passive transport, a substance tends to move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration until the concentration is equal across the space. For example, take the diffusion of substances through the air. When someone opens a perfume bottle in a room filled with people, the perfume is at its highest concentration in the bottle and is at its lowest at the edges of the room. The perfume vapor will diffuse, or spread away, from the...
Passive Diffusion: Overview and Kinetics01:17

Passive Diffusion: Overview and Kinetics

Passive diffusion is a critical process that allows small lipophilic drugs to cross the cell membrane along a concentration gradient. This mechanism's efficiency depends on four primary factors: the membrane's surface area, the drug's lipid-water partition coefficient, the concentration gradient, and the membrane's thickness.
When administered orally, drugs establish a substantial concentration gradient between the gastrointestinal (GI) lumen and the bloodstream, expediting their diffusion into...

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An Inverse Analysis Approach to the Characterization of Chemical Transport in Paints
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An Inverse Analysis Approach to the Characterization of Chemical Transport in Paints

Published on: August 29, 2014

Dynamics of desorption with lateral diffusion.

Tjipto Juwono1, Per Arne Rikvold

  • 1Surya University, Tangerang 15810, Banten, Indonesia and Department of Physics, Florida State University Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4350, USA.

The Journal of Chemical Physics
|October 5, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Lateral diffusion significantly impacts atom desorption dynamics. Coverage-conserving diffusion can either slow or speed up desorption, depending on the adsorbate structure, by influencing cluster coarsening and monomer evaporation.

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Area of Science:

  • Surface Science
  • Physical Chemistry
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Desorption dynamics are critically affected by lateral diffusion of adsorbed atoms or ions.
  • Lateral diffusion alters adsorbate configuration concurrently with adsorption/desorption processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the competing effects of adsorption/desorption and lateral diffusion on desorption dynamics.
  • To understand how adsorbate configuration influences desorption rates using kinetic Monte Carlo simulations.

Main Methods:

  • Kinetic Monte Carlo simulations of a lattice-gas model.
  • Large-scale simulations monitoring coverage, correlation length, and cluster-size distributions.
  • Comparison of desorption with and without diffusion for various initial adsorbate configurations.

Main Results:

  • Coverage-conserving diffusion introduces competing effects: desorption rate retardation (coarsening) and acceleration (monomer evaporation).
  • The balance between retardation and acceleration depends on the initial adsorbate layer structure.
  • Monomer-dominated configurations exhibit deceleration and coarsening, while large-cluster configurations show acceleration.

Conclusions:

  • Lateral diffusion plays a dual role in desorption, influenced by the adsorbate's initial configuration.
  • Understanding these competing processes is crucial for controlling surface processes and material properties.