Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Gene Evolution - Fast or Slow?02:05

Gene Evolution - Fast or Slow?

The genomes of eukaryotes are punctuated by long stretches of sequence which do not code for proteins or RNAs. Although some of these regions do contain crucial regulatory sequences, the vast majority of this DNA serves no known function. Typically, these regions of the genome are the ones in which the fastest change, in evolutionary terms, is observed, because there is typically little to no selection pressure acting on these regions to preserve their sequences.
In contrast, regions which code...
Mismatch Repair01:20

Mismatch Repair

Organisms are capable of detecting and fixing nucleotide mismatches that occur during DNA replication. This sophisticated process requires identifying the new strand and replacing the erroneous bases with correct nucleotides. Mismatch repair is coordinated by many proteins in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
The Mutator Protein Family Plays a Key Role in DNA Mismatch Repair
The human genome has more than 3 billion base pairs of DNA per cell. Prior to cell division, that vast amount of genetic...
Evolution of Microbial Genome01:08

Evolution of Microbial Genome

Microbial genome evolution is a highly dynamic process shaped by continual gene gain and loss across species and strains. This genomic flexibility allows microorganisms to adapt rapidly to environmental pressures and interactions with other organisms. Central to understanding this diversity is the distinction between the core and pan genomes.The core genome comprises the genes shared by all sampled strains of a species, representing essential functions needed for fundamental cellular processes.
Genetic Variation01:25

Genetic Variation

Genetic variation is the diversity in DNA sequences found among individuals of the same species. This diversity is crucial for a species' survival because it helps organisms adapt to environmental changes. Genetic variation begins with fertilization, where an egg and sperm cell merge. Each of these cells carries 23 chromosomes, up to 46 in the fertilized egg. Chromosomes are long DNA strands that contain genes, the basic units of heredity.
Genes exist in different versions called alleles, which...
Microtubule Instability02:17

Microtubule Instability

Microtubules are hollow cylindrical filaments having a diameter of approximately 25 nm and a length that varies from 200 nm to 25 μm. GTP-bound tubulin subunits form αβ-heterodimers for microtubule assembly. These core building blocks interact longitudinally, polymerizing into protofilaments. The protofilaments then interact with one another through lateral bonding forces to form stable cylindrical microtubules. These cylindrical filaments are dynamic as they undergo repeated assembly and...
Overview Of Cell Separation And Isolation01:20

Overview Of Cell Separation And Isolation

Cell separation was first achieved in 1964 by S. H. Seal, who separated large tumor cells from the smaller blood cells using filtration. Two years later, Pohl and Hawk performed experiments on how cells respond differently to a nonuniform electric field based on the cell type. Such observations were the inception of cell separation methods, which allow isolating a single cell type from a heterogeneous sample.

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Haploinsufficiency of PITX2 in Four Chinese Families with Axenfeld-Rieger Syndrome.

Journal of glaucoma·2026
Same author

Interface engineering in organic electrochemical transistors toward multifunctional bioelectronics.

Materials horizons·2026
Same author

Ergothioneine alleviates hepatic steatosis by modulating PCYT2 to restore the phosphatidylethanolamine-ACOT8 homeostasis.

Phytomedicine : international journal of phytotherapy and phytopharmacology·2026
Same author

Comparison of vacuum-assisted flexible ureteroscopy and percutaneous nephrolithotomy for 2-3 cm upper tract stones: a real-world cohort study.

Frontiers in surgery·2026
Same author

PSIP1 Orchestrates Immune Escape in Osteosarcoma: Insights From Single-Cell Analysis and Implications for Immunotherapy Resistance.

International journal of genomics·2026
Same author

Giant spin-orbit magnetic state readout enhanced by a magnetic tunnel junction.

Nature communications·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 7, 2026

High-Throughput Live Imaging of Microcolonies to Measure Heterogeneity in Growth and Gene Expression
12:52

High-Throughput Live Imaging of Microcolonies to Measure Heterogeneity in Growth and Gene Expression

Published on: April 18, 2021

Single cell heterogeneity: why unstable genomes are incompatible with average profiles.

Batoul Y Abdallah1, Steven D Horne, Joshua B Stevens

  • 1Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics; Wayne State University School of Medicine; Detroit, MI USA.

Cell Cycle (Georgetown, Tex.)
|October 5, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Cancer cell populations exhibit significant genome heterogeneity, impacting growth and evolution. Traditional average-based methods are misleading; single-cell analysis is crucial for understanding cancer

Keywords:
genome theorygenomic instabilitynonclonal chromosomal aberrationpunctuated cancer evolutiontumor heterogeneity

More Related Videos

An Ultrahigh-throughput Microfluidic Platform for Single-cell Genome Sequencing
10:00

An Ultrahigh-throughput Microfluidic Platform for Single-cell Genome Sequencing

Published on: May 23, 2018

A Combinatorial Single-cell Approach to Characterize the Molecular and Immunophenotypic Heterogeneity of Human Stem and Progenitor Populations
09:34

A Combinatorial Single-cell Approach to Characterize the Molecular and Immunophenotypic Heterogeneity of Human Stem and Progenitor Populations

Published on: October 25, 2018

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 7, 2026

High-Throughput Live Imaging of Microcolonies to Measure Heterogeneity in Growth and Gene Expression
12:52

High-Throughput Live Imaging of Microcolonies to Measure Heterogeneity in Growth and Gene Expression

Published on: April 18, 2021

An Ultrahigh-throughput Microfluidic Platform for Single-cell Genome Sequencing
10:00

An Ultrahigh-throughput Microfluidic Platform for Single-cell Genome Sequencing

Published on: May 23, 2018

A Combinatorial Single-cell Approach to Characterize the Molecular and Immunophenotypic Heterogeneity of Human Stem and Progenitor Populations
09:34

A Combinatorial Single-cell Approach to Characterize the Molecular and Immunophenotypic Heterogeneity of Human Stem and Progenitor Populations

Published on: October 25, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Genetics
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Cancer is characterized by multi-level heterogeneity, often overlooked by conventional analytical methods.
  • Existing techniques frequently treat heterogeneity as noise, failing to capture its impact on cancer progression.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate an instability-mediated mechanism where genome heterogeneity influences cancer cell growth.
  • To highlight the limitations of average-based methods and advocate for single-cell analysis in cancer research.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized both single-cell and population-based assays to study cancer cell populations.
  • Compared stable and unstable cancer cell populations to differentiate growth dynamics.

Main Results:

  • Unstable cancer cell populations display high karyotype heterogeneity, making clonal isolation challenging.
  • Instability-driven heterogeneity results in growth disparities, with outlier cells exhibiting faster growth and shorter cell cycles.
  • Population growth predictability decreases with increased heterogeneity.

Conclusions:

  • Average-based methods are deceptive for heterogeneous cancer cell populations, as the 'average' cancer cell is non-existent.
  • Genome-level heterogeneity is a key driver of cancer evolution, drug resistance, and population dynamics.
  • Single-cell analysis is essential for accurately characterizing and understanding cancer cells due to inherent genomic variations.